Varcarolis's Canadian Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 3rd Edition By Sonya Jakubec, Cheryl Pollard Test Bank
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
Chapter 01: Mental Health and Mental Illness
WD WD WD WD WD WD
Pollard: Varcarolis’s Canadian Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: A Clinical Approach, 3rd E
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
dition
MULTIPLE CHOICE WD
1. Which of the following is considered an Advanced Practice
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD W
D Intervention?
a. Conducting mental health assessments (MSA) WD WD WD WD
b. Prescribing psychotropic medication WD WD
c. Establishing therapeutic relationships WD WD
d. Individualizing nursing care plans WD WD WD
ANS: B W D
Registered nurses and registered psychiatric nurses can further their e
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
ducation at a baccalaureate levelor at the graduate level (master’s doc
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
torate) and become qualified to practise psychiatric mental health nur
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
sing at two levels – basic and advanced –
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
developing on their education preparation. Prescriptive privileges are
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
granted to master’s- WD WD
prepared Nurse Practitioners (NPs) as they have taken additional advanced courses on prescribing med
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
ication. Appropriate use of diagnostic tests must be completed aswell as having hospital admitting privi
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
leges. Establishing therapeutic relationship, conducting mental health assessments (MSAs), and indivi
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
dualizing nursing care plans are foundational psychiatric nursing skills. Therefore, they are considered
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD W
Basic-Level Interventions.
D WD
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) WD WD WD
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Safe Effective Care Environment
W D WD WD W D WD WD WD WD WD
2. Which has been identified as a priority for national plans and strategies in psychiatric mental health
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
nursing in Canada?
WD WD WD
a. Decrease in the aging population WD WD WD WD
b. Increase in cultural diversity WD WD WD
c. Role of the advanced practice nurse WD WD WD WD WD
d. Shortage of physicians in rural and urban areas WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
ANS: B W D
In early phases of strategic development, the Mental Health Commission of Canada identified cultural
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
diversity as a priority for national plans and strategies. Increasing cultural diversity within Canada w
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
arrants deeper attention to culturally safe care and concern for the mental health consequences of col
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
onization and racism. An aging population and shortage of physicians are important to future trends.
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
The role of the advanced practice nurse is continuing to evolve in psychiatric mental health nursing i
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
n Canada.
WD
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) WD WD WD W
TOP: Nursing Process: Outcome Evaluation
D W D WD WD WD
MSC: Client Needs: Safe Effective Care Environment
W D WD WD WD WD WD
3. Which serves as the official guide for diagnosing psychiatric disorders?
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
a. International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) WD WD WD WD
b. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
1
,Varcarolis's Canadian Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 3rd Edition By Sonya Jakubec, Cheryl Pollard Test Bank
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
c. A behavioural health reference manual
WD WD WD WD
2
,Varcarolis's Canadian Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 3rd Edition By Sonya Jakubec, Cheryl Pollard Test Bank
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
d. NurseOne online WD
ANS: B W D
The first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was published by the Americ
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
an Psychiatric Association in 1952. Its purpose was to provide clinicians, educators, and researchers
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
with a common framework to understand and communicate about mental disorders. With a common u
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
nderstanding about mental disorders, researchers and clinicians could work together in their attempts t
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
o improve care for people with mental illness. The current DSM-
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
5 serves as the official guide for diagnosing psychiatric disorders. The International Classification of
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
Diseases (ICD) sets the global health information standard for mortality and morbidity statistics. Clini
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
cians and researchers use this classification system to define diseases, study disease patterns, monitor
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
outcomes, and subsequently allocate resources based on the prevalence of disease. The Canadian Insti
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
tute for Health Information developed an enhanced version of the previous version, ICD-
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
10 referred to as the ICD 10-
WD WD WD WD WD WD
CA period that version extends beyond defining and classifying diseases to describe conditions and sit
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
uations that are not diseases, including for example, risk factors to health and psychosocial circumsta
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
nces. A behavioral health reference manual and NurseOne online are not used as official guides for di
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
agnosis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) WD WD WD
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
W D MSC: Client Needs: Safe Effective Care Environment
WD WD W D WD WD WD WD WD
4. When locating the description and diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders, which resource would have
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
the most complete information?
WD WD WD WD
a. Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) WD WD WD
b. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
c. The ANA’s Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
d. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
(ICD-10)
ANS: B W D
The DSM- WD
5 details the diagnostic criteria for psychiatric clinical conditions and is the official guide for diagnosin
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
g psychiatric disorders. The other references are good resources but do not define the diagnostic criteri
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
a.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) WD WD WD
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Safe Effective Care Environment
W D WD WD W D WD WD WD WD WD
5. Which individual is demonstrating the highest level of resilience?
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
a. An individual repressing their stressors who is having a difficult time coping with
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
WD activities of daily living (ADLs) WD WD WD WD
b. An individual who is in a depressed state after the death of their spouse
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
c. An individual who lives in a shelter for 2 years after their home is destroyed by
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
a fire WD
d. An individual who navigates and negotiates resources to support their well-being
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
ANS: D W D
3
, Varcarolis's Canadian Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 3rd Edition By Sonya Jakubec, Cheryl Pollard Test Bank
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
A characteristic of mental health increasingly being promoted as essential to the recovery process is r
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
esilience. Resilience is a process and outcome of complex, cultural systems, rather than as an individu
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
al capacity to overcome adversity. In this way, when exposed to adversity, one’s resilience depends o
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
n the navigation and negotiation of resources that can support well-
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
being. Resilience is closely associated with the process of adapting and helps people facing tragedies,
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
loss, trauma, and severe stress. An individual who is repressing their stressors may need support for d
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
eveloping coping strategies. It is important for the individual who is in a depressed state after the deat
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
h of their spouse to navigate and negotiate resources that can support their well-
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
being (e.g., grief support or counselling). An individual living in a shelter needs immediate support a
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
nd assistance when entering the shelter to navigate services and supports. Shelters are short-
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
term resources. WD
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
WD WD WD WD WD
TOP: Nursing Process: Outcome Evaluation
WD WD WD WD WD
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
W D WD WD WD
6. A multidisciplinary team is working with two groups of patients diagnosed with depression. One grou
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
p of patients receives supportive interventions and psychotropic medication (e.g., antidepressants). Th
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
e other group receives only psychotropic medication. Outcomes are measured for each group. Which i
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
s being studied?
WD WD
a. Incidence
b. Prevalence
c. Comorbidity
d. Clinical epidemiology WD
ANS: D W D
Clinical epidemiology is a broad field that addresses studies of the natural history (or what happens if
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
there is no treatment and the problem is left to run its course) of an illness, studies of diagnostic scre
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
ening tests, and observational and experimental studies of interventions used to treat people with the
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
illness or symptoms. Prevalence refers to numbers of new cases. Comorbidity refers to having more t
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
han one mental disorder at a time. Incidence refers to the number of new cases of mental disorders in
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
a healthy population within a given period.
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) WD WD WD W
TOP: Nursing Process: Outcome Evaluation
D W D WD WD WD
MSC: Client Needs: Safe Effective Care Environment
W D WD WD WD WD WD
7. A category 5 tornado occurred in a community of 400 people, resulting in destruction of many home
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
s and businesses. In the 2 years after this disaster, 140 individuals were diagnosed with post-
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which term best applies to these newly diagnosed individuals?
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
a. Prevalence
b. Comorbidity
c. Incidence
d. Clinical epidemiology WD
ANS: C W D
4
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
Chapter 01: Mental Health and Mental Illness
WD WD WD WD WD WD
Pollard: Varcarolis’s Canadian Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: A Clinical Approach, 3rd E
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
dition
MULTIPLE CHOICE WD
1. Which of the following is considered an Advanced Practice
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD W
D Intervention?
a. Conducting mental health assessments (MSA) WD WD WD WD
b. Prescribing psychotropic medication WD WD
c. Establishing therapeutic relationships WD WD
d. Individualizing nursing care plans WD WD WD
ANS: B W D
Registered nurses and registered psychiatric nurses can further their e
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
ducation at a baccalaureate levelor at the graduate level (master’s doc
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
torate) and become qualified to practise psychiatric mental health nur
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
sing at two levels – basic and advanced –
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
developing on their education preparation. Prescriptive privileges are
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
granted to master’s- WD WD
prepared Nurse Practitioners (NPs) as they have taken additional advanced courses on prescribing med
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
ication. Appropriate use of diagnostic tests must be completed aswell as having hospital admitting privi
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
leges. Establishing therapeutic relationship, conducting mental health assessments (MSAs), and indivi
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
dualizing nursing care plans are foundational psychiatric nursing skills. Therefore, they are considered
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD W
Basic-Level Interventions.
D WD
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) WD WD WD
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Safe Effective Care Environment
W D WD WD W D WD WD WD WD WD
2. Which has been identified as a priority for national plans and strategies in psychiatric mental health
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
nursing in Canada?
WD WD WD
a. Decrease in the aging population WD WD WD WD
b. Increase in cultural diversity WD WD WD
c. Role of the advanced practice nurse WD WD WD WD WD
d. Shortage of physicians in rural and urban areas WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
ANS: B W D
In early phases of strategic development, the Mental Health Commission of Canada identified cultural
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
diversity as a priority for national plans and strategies. Increasing cultural diversity within Canada w
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
arrants deeper attention to culturally safe care and concern for the mental health consequences of col
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
onization and racism. An aging population and shortage of physicians are important to future trends.
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
The role of the advanced practice nurse is continuing to evolve in psychiatric mental health nursing i
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
n Canada.
WD
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) WD WD WD W
TOP: Nursing Process: Outcome Evaluation
D W D WD WD WD
MSC: Client Needs: Safe Effective Care Environment
W D WD WD WD WD WD
3. Which serves as the official guide for diagnosing psychiatric disorders?
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
a. International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) WD WD WD WD
b. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
1
,Varcarolis's Canadian Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 3rd Edition By Sonya Jakubec, Cheryl Pollard Test Bank
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
c. A behavioural health reference manual
WD WD WD WD
2
,Varcarolis's Canadian Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 3rd Edition By Sonya Jakubec, Cheryl Pollard Test Bank
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
d. NurseOne online WD
ANS: B W D
The first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was published by the Americ
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
an Psychiatric Association in 1952. Its purpose was to provide clinicians, educators, and researchers
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
with a common framework to understand and communicate about mental disorders. With a common u
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
nderstanding about mental disorders, researchers and clinicians could work together in their attempts t
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
o improve care for people with mental illness. The current DSM-
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
5 serves as the official guide for diagnosing psychiatric disorders. The International Classification of
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
Diseases (ICD) sets the global health information standard for mortality and morbidity statistics. Clini
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
cians and researchers use this classification system to define diseases, study disease patterns, monitor
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
outcomes, and subsequently allocate resources based on the prevalence of disease. The Canadian Insti
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
tute for Health Information developed an enhanced version of the previous version, ICD-
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
10 referred to as the ICD 10-
WD WD WD WD WD WD
CA period that version extends beyond defining and classifying diseases to describe conditions and sit
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
uations that are not diseases, including for example, risk factors to health and psychosocial circumsta
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
nces. A behavioral health reference manual and NurseOne online are not used as official guides for di
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
agnosis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) WD WD WD
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
W D MSC: Client Needs: Safe Effective Care Environment
WD WD W D WD WD WD WD WD
4. When locating the description and diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders, which resource would have
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
the most complete information?
WD WD WD WD
a. Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) WD WD WD
b. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
c. The ANA’s Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
d. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
(ICD-10)
ANS: B W D
The DSM- WD
5 details the diagnostic criteria for psychiatric clinical conditions and is the official guide for diagnosin
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
g psychiatric disorders. The other references are good resources but do not define the diagnostic criteri
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
a.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) WD WD WD
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Safe Effective Care Environment
W D WD WD W D WD WD WD WD WD
5. Which individual is demonstrating the highest level of resilience?
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
a. An individual repressing their stressors who is having a difficult time coping with
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
WD activities of daily living (ADLs) WD WD WD WD
b. An individual who is in a depressed state after the death of their spouse
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
c. An individual who lives in a shelter for 2 years after their home is destroyed by
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
a fire WD
d. An individual who navigates and negotiates resources to support their well-being
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
ANS: D W D
3
, Varcarolis's Canadian Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 3rd Edition By Sonya Jakubec, Cheryl Pollard Test Bank
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
A characteristic of mental health increasingly being promoted as essential to the recovery process is r
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
esilience. Resilience is a process and outcome of complex, cultural systems, rather than as an individu
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
al capacity to overcome adversity. In this way, when exposed to adversity, one’s resilience depends o
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
n the navigation and negotiation of resources that can support well-
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
being. Resilience is closely associated with the process of adapting and helps people facing tragedies,
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
loss, trauma, and severe stress. An individual who is repressing their stressors may need support for d
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
eveloping coping strategies. It is important for the individual who is in a depressed state after the deat
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
h of their spouse to navigate and negotiate resources that can support their well-
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
being (e.g., grief support or counselling). An individual living in a shelter needs immediate support a
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
nd assistance when entering the shelter to navigate services and supports. Shelters are short-
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
term resources. WD
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
WD WD WD WD WD
TOP: Nursing Process: Outcome Evaluation
WD WD WD WD WD
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
W D WD WD WD
6. A multidisciplinary team is working with two groups of patients diagnosed with depression. One grou
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
p of patients receives supportive interventions and psychotropic medication (e.g., antidepressants). Th
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
e other group receives only psychotropic medication. Outcomes are measured for each group. Which i
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
s being studied?
WD WD
a. Incidence
b. Prevalence
c. Comorbidity
d. Clinical epidemiology WD
ANS: D W D
Clinical epidemiology is a broad field that addresses studies of the natural history (or what happens if
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
there is no treatment and the problem is left to run its course) of an illness, studies of diagnostic scre
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
ening tests, and observational and experimental studies of interventions used to treat people with the
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
illness or symptoms. Prevalence refers to numbers of new cases. Comorbidity refers to having more t
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
han one mental disorder at a time. Incidence refers to the number of new cases of mental disorders in
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
a healthy population within a given period.
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
DIF:
Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) WD WD WD W
TOP: Nursing Process: Outcome Evaluation
D W D WD WD WD
MSC: Client Needs: Safe Effective Care Environment
W D WD WD WD WD WD
7. A category 5 tornado occurred in a community of 400 people, resulting in destruction of many home
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
s and businesses. In the 2 years after this disaster, 140 individuals were diagnosed with post-
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which term best applies to these newly diagnosed individuals?
WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD WD
a. Prevalence
b. Comorbidity
c. Incidence
d. Clinical epidemiology WD
ANS: C W D
4
