FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ places you can record a pulse. Answer: temporal, carotid, brachial,
radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis
⩥ pulmonary ventilation. Answer: movement of air in and out of lungs
⩥ diffusion. Answer: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between
the alveoli of lungs and circulating blood
⩥ perfusion. Answer: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between
circulating blood and tissue cells
⩥ eupnea. Answer: normal, unlabored breathing, one respiration to four
heartbeats
⩥ tachypnea. Answer: increased respiratory rate; may occur in response
to increased metabolic rate
,⩥ bradypnea. Answer: decreased respiratory rate; occurs in some
pathologic conditions
⩥ apnea. Answer: periods when no breathing occurs
⩥ dyspnea. Answer: difficult or labored breathing
⩥ orthopnea. Answer: changes in breathing when sitting or standing
⩥ assessing blood pressure. Answer: -listening for korotkoff sounds w/
stethoscope
-first sound is systolic
-change or cessation of sound occurs: diastolic pressure
- brachial artery and popliteal artery are commonly used
⩥ major classifications of hypertension. Answer: -primary (essential):
characterized by an increase above normal in both systolic and diastolic
pressures
-secondary : caused by another disease condition like kidney disease,
aorta disorders, or adrenal cortex disorders
⩥ diuretics. Answer: used to increase urinary output
, ⩥ beta-adrenergic blockers. Answer: to block sympathetic stimulation
and decrease cardiac output
⩥ vasodilators and calcium channel blockers. Answer: to relax smooth
muscles of arterioles and decrease peripheral vascular resistance
⩥ ACE inhibitors. Answer: to prevent vasoconstriction by angiotensin II
and decrease circulatory fluid volume by reducing aldosterone
production
⩥ RACE. Answer: R: rescue anyone in immediate danger
A: activate the fire code and notify appropriate person
C: confine the fire by closing doors and windows
E: evacuate patients and other people to a safe area
⩥ jaundice causes. Answer: yellowish, itchy skin; bilirubin problem and
liver not functioning properly
⩥ eczema. Answer: red, itchy inflammation of the skin; usually develops
in early childhood, more common in people w/ family history; treatment
involves avoiding soap and other irritants and applying creams or
ointments if prescribed
STUDY GUIDE COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ places you can record a pulse. Answer: temporal, carotid, brachial,
radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis
⩥ pulmonary ventilation. Answer: movement of air in and out of lungs
⩥ diffusion. Answer: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between
the alveoli of lungs and circulating blood
⩥ perfusion. Answer: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between
circulating blood and tissue cells
⩥ eupnea. Answer: normal, unlabored breathing, one respiration to four
heartbeats
⩥ tachypnea. Answer: increased respiratory rate; may occur in response
to increased metabolic rate
,⩥ bradypnea. Answer: decreased respiratory rate; occurs in some
pathologic conditions
⩥ apnea. Answer: periods when no breathing occurs
⩥ dyspnea. Answer: difficult or labored breathing
⩥ orthopnea. Answer: changes in breathing when sitting or standing
⩥ assessing blood pressure. Answer: -listening for korotkoff sounds w/
stethoscope
-first sound is systolic
-change or cessation of sound occurs: diastolic pressure
- brachial artery and popliteal artery are commonly used
⩥ major classifications of hypertension. Answer: -primary (essential):
characterized by an increase above normal in both systolic and diastolic
pressures
-secondary : caused by another disease condition like kidney disease,
aorta disorders, or adrenal cortex disorders
⩥ diuretics. Answer: used to increase urinary output
, ⩥ beta-adrenergic blockers. Answer: to block sympathetic stimulation
and decrease cardiac output
⩥ vasodilators and calcium channel blockers. Answer: to relax smooth
muscles of arterioles and decrease peripheral vascular resistance
⩥ ACE inhibitors. Answer: to prevent vasoconstriction by angiotensin II
and decrease circulatory fluid volume by reducing aldosterone
production
⩥ RACE. Answer: R: rescue anyone in immediate danger
A: activate the fire code and notify appropriate person
C: confine the fire by closing doors and windows
E: evacuate patients and other people to a safe area
⩥ jaundice causes. Answer: yellowish, itchy skin; bilirubin problem and
liver not functioning properly
⩥ eczema. Answer: red, itchy inflammation of the skin; usually develops
in early childhood, more common in people w/ family history; treatment
involves avoiding soap and other irritants and applying creams or
ointments if prescribed
