Biology 220 Exam 1
microbiology
specialized area that deals with tiny life forms that are too small to be seen without
magnification
microorganisms (microbes)
microscopic prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, algae,
helminths)
What is immunology?
A branch that studies complex body defenses that protect against infection and invading
microbes.
What is epidemiology?
a branch that monitors and controls the spread of diseases in communities
what is biotechnology?
a branch using any process that harnesses the actions of living things to arrive at a desired
product
what is genetic engineering?
interrelated fields involve deliberate alterations of the genetic makeup of organisms to create
novel microbes, plants, and animals with unique behavior and physiology
Food, dairy, and aquatic microbiology
A branch that examines ecological & practical roles of microbes in food and water
agricultural microbiology
branch concerned with relationships between microbes and plants and animals
Which is a characteristic of microorganisms?
Living organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
True or False: Are viruses cellular?
False: viruses are not cellular, and sometimes called particles rather than organisms.
,define prokaryotes
small cells lacking a nucleus and organelles
define eukaryotes
larger than prokaryotes and contain a nucleus and organelles
what members are apart of the microorganism group?
bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, and parasitic worms
most microorganisms are measured in ____.
micrometers
Helminths are measured in ______.
millimeters
Viruses are measured in ______.
nanometers
T or F: Most microorganisms are harmless, free-living species that perform vital functions in
environmental protection.
true
what are the 3 kingdoms?
Monera, protista, and fungi
a Dutch merchant and self-made microbiologist. *known as the "Father of Bacteriology"
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
A English physicist provided evidence that some microbes in dust and air have a high heat
resistance
John Tyndall
a German botanist clarified why heat-resistant endospores weren't eliminated by heat
Ferdinand Cohn
Germany, leading microbiologist along with Pasteur
Robert Koch
, An American physician observed mothers who gave birth at home experienced fewer
infections
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes
A Hungarian study showed clearly that women became infected in the maternity ward after
examinations by physicians coming directly from the autopsy room
Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis
An English surgeon introduced the aseptic technique aimed at reducing microbes in a medical
settingtting and preventing infections.
Joseph Lister
of France, known as the "Father of Microbiology" and was a leading microbiologist, along
with Koch.
Louis Pasteur
discovered "Haemophilus Influenzae" and was a pioneer in typhoid vaccination
Richard Pfeiffer
what is taxonomy?
the formal system for organizing, classifying, and naming living things.
define domain bacteria
all-inclusive category based on unique cell types
define domain archaea
prokaryotic; includes Kingdom Monera; microbes live in extreme conditions or require unusual
nutrients
domain eukarya
eukaryotic; includes Kingdoms Protists, fungi, plantae, animalia
define the 5 kingdoms
Monera, Protists, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Define Kingdom Monera
prokaryotic; unicellular; ex. bacteria
microbiology
specialized area that deals with tiny life forms that are too small to be seen without
magnification
microorganisms (microbes)
microscopic prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, algae,
helminths)
What is immunology?
A branch that studies complex body defenses that protect against infection and invading
microbes.
What is epidemiology?
a branch that monitors and controls the spread of diseases in communities
what is biotechnology?
a branch using any process that harnesses the actions of living things to arrive at a desired
product
what is genetic engineering?
interrelated fields involve deliberate alterations of the genetic makeup of organisms to create
novel microbes, plants, and animals with unique behavior and physiology
Food, dairy, and aquatic microbiology
A branch that examines ecological & practical roles of microbes in food and water
agricultural microbiology
branch concerned with relationships between microbes and plants and animals
Which is a characteristic of microorganisms?
Living organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye
True or False: Are viruses cellular?
False: viruses are not cellular, and sometimes called particles rather than organisms.
,define prokaryotes
small cells lacking a nucleus and organelles
define eukaryotes
larger than prokaryotes and contain a nucleus and organelles
what members are apart of the microorganism group?
bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, and parasitic worms
most microorganisms are measured in ____.
micrometers
Helminths are measured in ______.
millimeters
Viruses are measured in ______.
nanometers
T or F: Most microorganisms are harmless, free-living species that perform vital functions in
environmental protection.
true
what are the 3 kingdoms?
Monera, protista, and fungi
a Dutch merchant and self-made microbiologist. *known as the "Father of Bacteriology"
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
A English physicist provided evidence that some microbes in dust and air have a high heat
resistance
John Tyndall
a German botanist clarified why heat-resistant endospores weren't eliminated by heat
Ferdinand Cohn
Germany, leading microbiologist along with Pasteur
Robert Koch
, An American physician observed mothers who gave birth at home experienced fewer
infections
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes
A Hungarian study showed clearly that women became infected in the maternity ward after
examinations by physicians coming directly from the autopsy room
Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis
An English surgeon introduced the aseptic technique aimed at reducing microbes in a medical
settingtting and preventing infections.
Joseph Lister
of France, known as the "Father of Microbiology" and was a leading microbiologist, along
with Koch.
Louis Pasteur
discovered "Haemophilus Influenzae" and was a pioneer in typhoid vaccination
Richard Pfeiffer
what is taxonomy?
the formal system for organizing, classifying, and naming living things.
define domain bacteria
all-inclusive category based on unique cell types
define domain archaea
prokaryotic; includes Kingdom Monera; microbes live in extreme conditions or require unusual
nutrients
domain eukarya
eukaryotic; includes Kingdoms Protists, fungi, plantae, animalia
define the 5 kingdoms
Monera, Protists, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Define Kingdom Monera
prokaryotic; unicellular; ex. bacteria
