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PDF 1: Geometry Notes
1. Basic Terms
• Point: A location in space. Denoted by a dot (•) and a letter.
• Line: Extends infinitely in both directions. Denoted by two points, e.g., AB.
• Plane: Flat surface extending infinitely.
• Angle: Formed by two rays with a common endpoint (vertex).
2. Angles
• Complementary: Sum = 90°
• Supplementary: Sum = 180°
• Vertical angles: Opposite angles formed by intersecting lines (equal).
• Adjacent angles: Share a common side and vertex.
3. Triangles
• Types by sides: Equilateral, Isosceles, Scalene
• Types by angles: Acute, Right, Obtuse
• Triangle Inequality Theorem: Sum of any two sides > third side
• Pythagoras Theorem: For right triangle, a² + b² = c²
4. Quadrilaterals
• Square: All sides =, all angles 90°
• Rectangle: Opposite sides =, all angles 90°
• Parallelogram: Opposite sides = and parallel, opposite angles =
• Rhombus: All sides =, opposite angles =
• Trapezoid: Only one pair of opposite sides parallel
5. Circles
• Parts: Radius, diameter, chord, tangent, secant, arc
• Formulas:
• Circumference: C = 2πr
• Area: A = πr²
6. Polygons
• Sum of interior angles: (n-2)×180°
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