COT STUDY GUIDE (GRO) EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
B. Presence of others when the injury occurred.
It is essential to establish as precisely as possible the circumstances and mechanism of injury
and any pre-existing ophthalmic abnormality. - ANS What is NOT Important when
documenting the history of an ocular injury?
A. How the injury occurred
B. Presence of others when the injury occurred
C. The time the Injury occurred
D. Treatment received since the Injury occurred
A. retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhages, and a rupture of the choroid are present.
Similar abnormalities, as well as hemorrhagic chernosis, softening and possible collapse of the
eye, and vitreous hemorrhage, occur in sclera laceration, which should be particularly suspected
if there is deep eyelid laceration. Initially, the effects of a blow to the eye can be disastrous
because perforations of the globe, with prolapse of the intraccular contents, vitreous
hemorrhage, retinal detachment and the rupture of the choroid may occur as an Immediate
complication. - ANS Globe rupture following blunt force Injury should always be suspected
when
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,A. retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhages, and a rupture of the choroid are present.
B. diplopia Is a major symptom.
C. lid ecctrymosis is a major finding.
D. proptosls Is present
C. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)
An acute blockage leads to Immediate catastrophic loss of vision In the involved eye. Refer to
pages 1913-199, Source B. Retinal vein occlusion is a common and easily diagnosed retinal
vascular disorder with potentially blinding complications. Central retinal artery occlusion Is the
most urgent in terms of time. If this artery remains occluded for 1 hour or more, the involved
eye will go totally blind. - ANS Sudden loss of vision in one eye MOST likely indicates
A. amblyopia.
B. cataract
C. central retinal artery occlusion.
D. retinitis pigmentosa.
C. Conjunctivitis
All major eye problems In family members are relevant. The family history is pertinent for ocular
disorders, such as strabismus, amblyopia, glaucoma, or cataracts, and retinal problems. The
presence or absence of such familial diseases such as myopia, strabismus, and glaucoma should
be asked about - ANS Which one of the following ocular conditions will LEAST likely present
in a patient's family history?
A. iteratoconus
B. Nystagmus
C. Conjunctivitis
D. Retinitls pigmentosa
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,D. retinal detachment.
Neovascularlization is the major sign of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Proliferative diabetic
retinopathy can lead to either progressive traction retinal detachment or, if a retinal tear is
produced, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Neovascularizalion can contract to form a
fibrovascular mass that can pull on tee retina and lead to retinal detachment. -
ANS Proliferative diabetic retinopathy resulting in neovascularization can contract to form a
fibrovascular mass that can pull on the retina and lead to
A. conjunctivitis.
B. keratoconus.
C. retinoschisis.
D. retinal detachment.
D. Urinary incontinence. - ANS When evaluating a patient for cataract surgery, which of the
following systemic illnesses is LEAST important?
A. Cardiac problems
B. Diabetes
C. Hypertension
D. Urinary incontinence
B. direct response stimulated eye and the consensual response In the other eye.
The consensual response to light Is the reaction seen simultaneously in the non-illuminated eye.
The consensual response Is the normal simultaneous constriction of the opposite non-
illumlnated pupil. The normal direct light response causes constriction of the pupil on that side.
- ANS The purpose of the swinging flashlight test is to compare the
A. consensual response stimulated eye and the direct response in the other eye.
B. direct response stimulated eye and the consensual response In the other eye.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, C. direct response and the near response in the same eye.
D. direct response at 20 feet (6 meters) in the same eye.
A. Phaspholine Iodide.
Decreased cholinesterase activity allows naturally released acetylcholine to stay longer in the
synaptic space and continue parasympathetic action. - ANS Latrogenic or self-induced pupil
constriction can be caused by which drug?
A. Phaspholine Iodide
B. Cyclopentolate
C. Scopolamine
D. Thnoloi
A. 3 - 5 mm.
Pupil size in adults is about 3 mm. The
normal pupillary diameter is about 3 - 4 mm. The diameter of a normal adult pupil Is between 3
- 5 mm. - ANS In ordinary room light, the diameter of the normal adult pupil is
A. 3 - 5 mm.
B. 6 - 9 mm.
C. 10 - 13 mm.
D. 14-17 mm
C. anisocoria.
Ten percent of the population has anisocoria (difference In pupil size). - ANS A difference In
pupil size is referred to as
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
B. Presence of others when the injury occurred.
It is essential to establish as precisely as possible the circumstances and mechanism of injury
and any pre-existing ophthalmic abnormality. - ANS What is NOT Important when
documenting the history of an ocular injury?
A. How the injury occurred
B. Presence of others when the injury occurred
C. The time the Injury occurred
D. Treatment received since the Injury occurred
A. retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhages, and a rupture of the choroid are present.
Similar abnormalities, as well as hemorrhagic chernosis, softening and possible collapse of the
eye, and vitreous hemorrhage, occur in sclera laceration, which should be particularly suspected
if there is deep eyelid laceration. Initially, the effects of a blow to the eye can be disastrous
because perforations of the globe, with prolapse of the intraccular contents, vitreous
hemorrhage, retinal detachment and the rupture of the choroid may occur as an Immediate
complication. - ANS Globe rupture following blunt force Injury should always be suspected
when
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,A. retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhages, and a rupture of the choroid are present.
B. diplopia Is a major symptom.
C. lid ecctrymosis is a major finding.
D. proptosls Is present
C. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)
An acute blockage leads to Immediate catastrophic loss of vision In the involved eye. Refer to
pages 1913-199, Source B. Retinal vein occlusion is a common and easily diagnosed retinal
vascular disorder with potentially blinding complications. Central retinal artery occlusion Is the
most urgent in terms of time. If this artery remains occluded for 1 hour or more, the involved
eye will go totally blind. - ANS Sudden loss of vision in one eye MOST likely indicates
A. amblyopia.
B. cataract
C. central retinal artery occlusion.
D. retinitis pigmentosa.
C. Conjunctivitis
All major eye problems In family members are relevant. The family history is pertinent for ocular
disorders, such as strabismus, amblyopia, glaucoma, or cataracts, and retinal problems. The
presence or absence of such familial diseases such as myopia, strabismus, and glaucoma should
be asked about - ANS Which one of the following ocular conditions will LEAST likely present
in a patient's family history?
A. iteratoconus
B. Nystagmus
C. Conjunctivitis
D. Retinitls pigmentosa
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,D. retinal detachment.
Neovascularlization is the major sign of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Proliferative diabetic
retinopathy can lead to either progressive traction retinal detachment or, if a retinal tear is
produced, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Neovascularizalion can contract to form a
fibrovascular mass that can pull on tee retina and lead to retinal detachment. -
ANS Proliferative diabetic retinopathy resulting in neovascularization can contract to form a
fibrovascular mass that can pull on the retina and lead to
A. conjunctivitis.
B. keratoconus.
C. retinoschisis.
D. retinal detachment.
D. Urinary incontinence. - ANS When evaluating a patient for cataract surgery, which of the
following systemic illnesses is LEAST important?
A. Cardiac problems
B. Diabetes
C. Hypertension
D. Urinary incontinence
B. direct response stimulated eye and the consensual response In the other eye.
The consensual response to light Is the reaction seen simultaneously in the non-illuminated eye.
The consensual response Is the normal simultaneous constriction of the opposite non-
illumlnated pupil. The normal direct light response causes constriction of the pupil on that side.
- ANS The purpose of the swinging flashlight test is to compare the
A. consensual response stimulated eye and the direct response in the other eye.
B. direct response stimulated eye and the consensual response In the other eye.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, C. direct response and the near response in the same eye.
D. direct response at 20 feet (6 meters) in the same eye.
A. Phaspholine Iodide.
Decreased cholinesterase activity allows naturally released acetylcholine to stay longer in the
synaptic space and continue parasympathetic action. - ANS Latrogenic or self-induced pupil
constriction can be caused by which drug?
A. Phaspholine Iodide
B. Cyclopentolate
C. Scopolamine
D. Thnoloi
A. 3 - 5 mm.
Pupil size in adults is about 3 mm. The
normal pupillary diameter is about 3 - 4 mm. The diameter of a normal adult pupil Is between 3
- 5 mm. - ANS In ordinary room light, the diameter of the normal adult pupil is
A. 3 - 5 mm.
B. 6 - 9 mm.
C. 10 - 13 mm.
D. 14-17 mm
C. anisocoria.
Ten percent of the population has anisocoria (difference In pupil size). - ANS A difference In
pupil size is referred to as
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
