2025 ONS Chemotherapy & Immunotherapy
Certification – Updated Questions and Correct
Answers Included
3 major phases of cell division: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Follows innate immunity if
unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory
responses)
Define mutations - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Variations in the nucleotide
sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Treatment is given
prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Additional cancer
treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
,
, Define conditioning/preparative therapy - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Treatments
used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Amount of drug delivered over
time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅By
comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the
standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work? - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅By causing a break
in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅1. Nitrogen
mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating
agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Cyclophosphamide
(Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Cisplatin
(Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Able to
cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅1. Alkylating agents
Certification – Updated Questions and Correct
Answers Included
3 major phases of cell division: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Non-specific response, either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Follows innate immunity if
unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory
responses)
Define mutations - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Variations in the nucleotide
sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Treatment is given
prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Additional cancer
treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
,
, Define conditioning/preparative therapy - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Treatments
used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Amount of drug delivered over
time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅By
comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to the planned dose of the
standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work? - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅By causing a break
in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅1. Nitrogen
mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed alkylating
agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Cyclophosphamide
(Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Cisplatin
(Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
What is unique about nitrosoureas agents? - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Able to
cross the blood-brain barrier; can be effective in treating some brain tumors
Common nitrosoureas agents: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Carmustine (BiCNU)
Lomustine (CeeNu)
Streptozocin (Zanosar)
Hypersensitivity can occur with late doses of: - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅Carboplatin
These agents are typically categorized as highly emetogenic: - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅✅1. Alkylating agents
