School of Nursing & Health Sciences
Course: Advanced Pathophysiology
Assessment Type: Comprehensive
Exam (Verified Answer Key +
Rationales)
Academic Level: Graduate (MSN /
DNP / NP)
Updated: 2026 Edition
Alignment: Walden University
Outcomes & Board-Style
Competencies
,Walden University
School of Nursing & Health Sciences
NURS-6501: Advanced Pathophysiology
Comprehensive Examination – 2026 Edition
SECTION 1: IMMUNE & GENETIC SYSTEM
Question 1
Describe how the body responds to an infection.
Correct Answer:
T cells release cytokines that stimulate B cells to produce
antibodies.
Rationale:
Helper T cells coordinate the adaptive immune
response by activating B lymphocytes for antibody
production.
Question 2
, Walden University
School of Nursing & Health Sciences
Identify the role of DNA changes in congenital
abnormalities.
Correct Answer:
Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities.
Rationale:
Genetic mutations disrupt normal cellular replication
and differentiation during fetal development.
Question 3
How do alterations in development lead to congenital
abnormalities?
Correct Answer:
Alterations of DNA during critical periods of development.
Rationale:
Early developmental disruptions have permanent
effects on organ formation and function.