,Contents
Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
Chapter 2: Where to Start
Chapter 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research
Chapter 4: Fundamental Research Issues
Chapter 5: Measurement Concepts
Chapter 6: Observational Methods
Chapter 7: Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research
Chapter 8: Experimental Design
Chapter 9: Conducting Experiments
Chapter 10: Complex Experimental Designs
Chapter 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research
Chapter 12: Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation
Chapter 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference
Chapter 14: Generalization
,Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
1. Knowledge of research methods is important for all of the following EXCEPT:
A. evaluating research reported in the media
B. making decisions in various professions
C. guaranteeing correct conclusions about behavior
D. conducting scientific research
Answer: C
2. A major problem with relying on intuition to understand behavior is that:
A. intuition is always completely wrong
B. cognitive and motivational biases can lead to erroneous conclusions
C. it is illegal to use intuition in research
D. intuition cannot generate any useful ideas
Answer: B
3. An illusory correlation occurs when:
A. two unrelated events are perceived as causally connected
B. we correctly identify a causal relationship
C. we use scientific methods to test hypotheses
D. authority figures provide expert opinions
Answer: A
4. The belief that adoption increases the likelihood of pregnancy in couples having
difficulty conceiving is an example of:
A. scientific evidence
B. illusory correlation
C. valid causal reasoning
D. peer-reviewed research
Answer: B
5. When people accept information from a professor, celebrity, or religious figure
without question, they are relying on:
A. empiricism
B. scientific skepticism
C. authority
D. falsifiability
Answer: C
6. The fundamental characteristic that distinguishes the scientific approach from
other ways of knowing is:
A. authority
B. intuition
, C. empiricism
D. anecdote
Answer: C
7. Empiricism is best defined as:
A. accepting authority figures' statements
B. knowledge based on observations and data
C. relying on personal intuition
D. making untestable claims
Answer: B
8. According to Goodstein's evolved theory of science, which of the following is
TRUE?
A. Data play a central role in scientific inquiry
B. Scientists work in isolation from other scientists
C. Scientific ideas should not be tested against competing ideas
D. Peer review is unnecessary for well-designed studies
Answer: A
9. The concept of falsifiability means that:
A. all scientific ideas are false
B. scientific ideas can be tested and potentially proven wrong
C. scientists intentionally falsify data
D. only false ideas should be tested
Answer: B
10. Peer review in science serves to:
A. allow scientists to publish without scrutiny
B. ensure that only research without flaws is published
C. eliminate the need for replication
D. prevent any criticism of published work
Answer: B
11. Scientific skepticism means that:
A. scientists reject all new ideas
B. ideas must be evaluated based on careful logic and well-executed research
C. scientists are generally negative people
D. intuition should never generate research ideas
Answer: B
12. Which statement about the scientific approach is correct?
A. Scientists never use intuition to generate ideas
B. Authority figures' statements should always be accepted as fact
C. Ideas must be testable and supported by evidence
Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
Chapter 2: Where to Start
Chapter 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research
Chapter 4: Fundamental Research Issues
Chapter 5: Measurement Concepts
Chapter 6: Observational Methods
Chapter 7: Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research
Chapter 8: Experimental Design
Chapter 9: Conducting Experiments
Chapter 10: Complex Experimental Designs
Chapter 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research
Chapter 12: Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation
Chapter 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference
Chapter 14: Generalization
,Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behavior
1. Knowledge of research methods is important for all of the following EXCEPT:
A. evaluating research reported in the media
B. making decisions in various professions
C. guaranteeing correct conclusions about behavior
D. conducting scientific research
Answer: C
2. A major problem with relying on intuition to understand behavior is that:
A. intuition is always completely wrong
B. cognitive and motivational biases can lead to erroneous conclusions
C. it is illegal to use intuition in research
D. intuition cannot generate any useful ideas
Answer: B
3. An illusory correlation occurs when:
A. two unrelated events are perceived as causally connected
B. we correctly identify a causal relationship
C. we use scientific methods to test hypotheses
D. authority figures provide expert opinions
Answer: A
4. The belief that adoption increases the likelihood of pregnancy in couples having
difficulty conceiving is an example of:
A. scientific evidence
B. illusory correlation
C. valid causal reasoning
D. peer-reviewed research
Answer: B
5. When people accept information from a professor, celebrity, or religious figure
without question, they are relying on:
A. empiricism
B. scientific skepticism
C. authority
D. falsifiability
Answer: C
6. The fundamental characteristic that distinguishes the scientific approach from
other ways of knowing is:
A. authority
B. intuition
, C. empiricism
D. anecdote
Answer: C
7. Empiricism is best defined as:
A. accepting authority figures' statements
B. knowledge based on observations and data
C. relying on personal intuition
D. making untestable claims
Answer: B
8. According to Goodstein's evolved theory of science, which of the following is
TRUE?
A. Data play a central role in scientific inquiry
B. Scientists work in isolation from other scientists
C. Scientific ideas should not be tested against competing ideas
D. Peer review is unnecessary for well-designed studies
Answer: A
9. The concept of falsifiability means that:
A. all scientific ideas are false
B. scientific ideas can be tested and potentially proven wrong
C. scientists intentionally falsify data
D. only false ideas should be tested
Answer: B
10. Peer review in science serves to:
A. allow scientists to publish without scrutiny
B. ensure that only research without flaws is published
C. eliminate the need for replication
D. prevent any criticism of published work
Answer: B
11. Scientific skepticism means that:
A. scientists reject all new ideas
B. ideas must be evaluated based on careful logic and well-executed research
C. scientists are generally negative people
D. intuition should never generate research ideas
Answer: B
12. Which statement about the scientific approach is correct?
A. Scientists never use intuition to generate ideas
B. Authority figures' statements should always be accepted as fact
C. Ideas must be testable and supported by evidence
