English B2 Grammar Basics
A clear and structured guide to the most important B2-level grammar topics.
1. Tenses Overview
• Present Perfect vs. Past Simple: Use Present Perfect for life experiences and unfinished
time; Past Simple for finished time periods.
• Past Perfect: Used for actions completed before another past action.
• Future Forms: 'Will' for decisions now, 'Going to' for plans, Present Continuous for fixed
arrangements.
2. Conditionals
• Zero Conditional: Facts and general truths.
• First Conditional: Real future possibility.
• Second Conditional: Unreal or hypothetical situations.
• Third Conditional: Past situations that did not happen.
3. Passive Voice
• Form: Object + form of 'to be' + past participle.
• Used when the action is more important than the subject.
4. Reported Speech
• Tense usually moves one step back.
• Pronouns and time expressions change.
5. Modal Verbs
• Ability: can, could, be able to.
• Advice: should, ought to.
• Obligation: must, have to.
• Possibility: might, may, could.
6. Relative Clauses
• Defining vs. non-defining clauses.
• Use who, which, that, whose, where.
7. Gerunds and Infinitives
• Gerund after prepositions and certain verbs.
• Infinitive for purpose and certain verb patterns.
8. Linking Words
A clear and structured guide to the most important B2-level grammar topics.
1. Tenses Overview
• Present Perfect vs. Past Simple: Use Present Perfect for life experiences and unfinished
time; Past Simple for finished time periods.
• Past Perfect: Used for actions completed before another past action.
• Future Forms: 'Will' for decisions now, 'Going to' for plans, Present Continuous for fixed
arrangements.
2. Conditionals
• Zero Conditional: Facts and general truths.
• First Conditional: Real future possibility.
• Second Conditional: Unreal or hypothetical situations.
• Third Conditional: Past situations that did not happen.
3. Passive Voice
• Form: Object + form of 'to be' + past participle.
• Used when the action is more important than the subject.
4. Reported Speech
• Tense usually moves one step back.
• Pronouns and time expressions change.
5. Modal Verbs
• Ability: can, could, be able to.
• Advice: should, ought to.
• Obligation: must, have to.
• Possibility: might, may, could.
6. Relative Clauses
• Defining vs. non-defining clauses.
• Use who, which, that, whose, where.
7. Gerunds and Infinitives
• Gerund after prepositions and certain verbs.
• Infinitive for purpose and certain verb patterns.
8. Linking Words
