MMSC490 UPDATED TEST COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Most cells in adult animals are in the _______ stage of the cell cycle.
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. S - ✔✔a. G0
✔✔Stem cells of the intestinal epithelium and epidermis divide, theygive rise to two
different
cells: one stem cell and one _______ cell.
a. goblet
b. crypt
c. G0
d. transit-amplifying - ✔✔d. transit-amplifying
✔✔The stem cells of skeletal muscle are called:
a. myoblasts
b. myocytes
c. satellite cells
d. myo-stem cells - ✔✔c. satellite cells
✔✔Mammalian embryonic stem cells are cultured from cells taken from:
a. the four-cell embryo
b. the inner cell mass
c. trophoblast cells
d. amnion cells - ✔✔b. the inner cell mass
✔✔Mouse embryonic stem cells can proliferate but remain undifferentiated in the
presence of a
growth factor called:
a. Dif
b. LIF
c. EGF
d. Wnt - ✔✔b. LIF
✔✔Of the offspring that result from the reproductive cloning of mammals by somatic
nuclear
transfer, _______% are viable.
a. 1-3
b. 10
c. 15-20
d. 25 - ✔✔a. 1-3
,✔✔In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka demonstrated that somatic cells can be
reprogrammed or
converted into induced pluripotent stem cells. Subsequent studies in _______ showed
that these
cells, like embryonic stem cells, are capable of differentiating into virtually all cells.
a. mice
b. rats
c. chimpanzees
d. humans - ✔✔a. mice
✔✔Early experiments by Takahashi and Yamanaka showed that a set of four genes
introduced
by retroviral expression are capable of transforming somatic cells into induced
pluripotent stem
cells. These four proteins encoded by these genes were all:
a. G-protein coupled receptors
b. transcription factors
c. tyrosine kinases
d. calcium-binding proteins - ✔✔b. transcription factors
✔✔Which of the following transcription factors has the potential to act as an oncogene,
resulting
in a high risk of cancer?
a. Oct4
b. Sox2
c. Klf4
d. c-Myc - ✔✔d. c-Myc
✔✔Estrogen increases the risk of breast and uterine cancers because it:
a. inhibits differentiation
b. causes DNA damage
c. turns on the BRCA oncogenes
d. acts as a tumor promoter by stimulating cell proliferation - ✔✔d. acts as a tumor
promoter by stimulating cell proliferation
✔✔Which of the following is most likely to increase the likelihood of contracting cancer?
a. Drinking a glass of wine a day
b. Smoking a pack of cigarettes a day
c. Kissing a person who has cancer
d. Breathing the sawdust from a crown gall tumor - ✔✔b. Smoking a pack of cigarettes
a day
✔✔Which of the following is a common difference between normal cells and cancer
cells?
, a. Density-dependent inhibition of proliferation
b. Contact inhibition of migration
c. Growth factor requirements
d. All of the above - ✔✔d. All of the above
✔✔Compared to their normal counterparts, leukemic cells:
a. fail to differentiate
b. continue to proliferate
c. fail to undergo apoptosis
d. All of the above - ✔✔d. All of the above
✔✔Translocation of a gene can produce a fusion product with uncontrolled protein
kinase activity. An example of this type of fusion protein is:
a. Tel/PDGFR
b. Myc/Max
c. Fos/Jun
d. ErbB/Rasterm-42 - ✔✔a. Tel/PDGFR
✔✔Malignant colon cancers are usually the result of:
a. inherited mutant oncogenes
b. inherited mutant tumor suppressor genes
c. somatic mutation of an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene
d. accumulated damage to multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes - ✔✔d.
accumulated damage to multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
✔✔Loss-of-function mutations can be oncogenic if the mutant gene codes for a:
a. telomerase
b. tumor suppressor protein
c. cyclin-dependent kinase
d. DNA synthesis enzyme - ✔✔b. tumor suppressor protein
✔✔The tumor suppressor genes Smad2 and Smad4 encode:
a. growth factor receptors
b. GTP-binding signal molecules
c. transcription factors
d. inhibitors that bind to transcription factors - ✔✔c. transcription factors
✔✔The normal function of the tumor suppressor protein Rb is to:
a. induce apoptosis
b. inhibit Ras
c. inhibit progression through the G1 restriction point
d. inhibit Cdk4/cyclin B activity - ✔✔c. inhibit progression through the G1 restriction
point
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Most cells in adult animals are in the _______ stage of the cell cycle.
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. S - ✔✔a. G0
✔✔Stem cells of the intestinal epithelium and epidermis divide, theygive rise to two
different
cells: one stem cell and one _______ cell.
a. goblet
b. crypt
c. G0
d. transit-amplifying - ✔✔d. transit-amplifying
✔✔The stem cells of skeletal muscle are called:
a. myoblasts
b. myocytes
c. satellite cells
d. myo-stem cells - ✔✔c. satellite cells
✔✔Mammalian embryonic stem cells are cultured from cells taken from:
a. the four-cell embryo
b. the inner cell mass
c. trophoblast cells
d. amnion cells - ✔✔b. the inner cell mass
✔✔Mouse embryonic stem cells can proliferate but remain undifferentiated in the
presence of a
growth factor called:
a. Dif
b. LIF
c. EGF
d. Wnt - ✔✔b. LIF
✔✔Of the offspring that result from the reproductive cloning of mammals by somatic
nuclear
transfer, _______% are viable.
a. 1-3
b. 10
c. 15-20
d. 25 - ✔✔a. 1-3
,✔✔In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka demonstrated that somatic cells can be
reprogrammed or
converted into induced pluripotent stem cells. Subsequent studies in _______ showed
that these
cells, like embryonic stem cells, are capable of differentiating into virtually all cells.
a. mice
b. rats
c. chimpanzees
d. humans - ✔✔a. mice
✔✔Early experiments by Takahashi and Yamanaka showed that a set of four genes
introduced
by retroviral expression are capable of transforming somatic cells into induced
pluripotent stem
cells. These four proteins encoded by these genes were all:
a. G-protein coupled receptors
b. transcription factors
c. tyrosine kinases
d. calcium-binding proteins - ✔✔b. transcription factors
✔✔Which of the following transcription factors has the potential to act as an oncogene,
resulting
in a high risk of cancer?
a. Oct4
b. Sox2
c. Klf4
d. c-Myc - ✔✔d. c-Myc
✔✔Estrogen increases the risk of breast and uterine cancers because it:
a. inhibits differentiation
b. causes DNA damage
c. turns on the BRCA oncogenes
d. acts as a tumor promoter by stimulating cell proliferation - ✔✔d. acts as a tumor
promoter by stimulating cell proliferation
✔✔Which of the following is most likely to increase the likelihood of contracting cancer?
a. Drinking a glass of wine a day
b. Smoking a pack of cigarettes a day
c. Kissing a person who has cancer
d. Breathing the sawdust from a crown gall tumor - ✔✔b. Smoking a pack of cigarettes
a day
✔✔Which of the following is a common difference between normal cells and cancer
cells?
, a. Density-dependent inhibition of proliferation
b. Contact inhibition of migration
c. Growth factor requirements
d. All of the above - ✔✔d. All of the above
✔✔Compared to their normal counterparts, leukemic cells:
a. fail to differentiate
b. continue to proliferate
c. fail to undergo apoptosis
d. All of the above - ✔✔d. All of the above
✔✔Translocation of a gene can produce a fusion product with uncontrolled protein
kinase activity. An example of this type of fusion protein is:
a. Tel/PDGFR
b. Myc/Max
c. Fos/Jun
d. ErbB/Rasterm-42 - ✔✔a. Tel/PDGFR
✔✔Malignant colon cancers are usually the result of:
a. inherited mutant oncogenes
b. inherited mutant tumor suppressor genes
c. somatic mutation of an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene
d. accumulated damage to multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes - ✔✔d.
accumulated damage to multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
✔✔Loss-of-function mutations can be oncogenic if the mutant gene codes for a:
a. telomerase
b. tumor suppressor protein
c. cyclin-dependent kinase
d. DNA synthesis enzyme - ✔✔b. tumor suppressor protein
✔✔The tumor suppressor genes Smad2 and Smad4 encode:
a. growth factor receptors
b. GTP-binding signal molecules
c. transcription factors
d. inhibitors that bind to transcription factors - ✔✔c. transcription factors
✔✔The normal function of the tumor suppressor protein Rb is to:
a. induce apoptosis
b. inhibit Ras
c. inhibit progression through the G1 restriction point
d. inhibit Cdk4/cyclin B activity - ✔✔c. inhibit progression through the G1 restriction
point
