TEST BANK — Pediatric Physical Examination: An Illustrated Handbook, 3rd Edition — Karen G. Duderstadt — ISBN 9780323476508

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ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 3RDEDITION DUDERSTADT
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Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
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Chapter s s 1: s s Approach s s to s s Care s s and s s Assessment s s of s s Children s s and s s Adolescents

MULTIPLE s s CHOICE

1. A ssnurse s s is ssreviewing ssdevelopmental ssconcepts ssfor s s infants ssand s s children. s s Which
ss statement ssbest ssdescribes s s development s s in s s infants s s and s s children?

a. Development, s s a s s predictable s s and s s orderly s s process, s s occurs s s at
s s varying s s rates sswith ssin ssnormal sslimits.



b. Development s s is s s primarily ssrelated s s to s s the s s growth s s in s s the s s number s s and s s size s s of sscells.

c. Development s s occurs s s in s s a s s proximo ssdistal s s direction s s with
s s fine s s muscle ssdevelopment ssoccurring s s first.



d. Development s s is s s more s s easily s s and s s accurately s s measured s s than s s growth.


ANS: s s A

Development, s s a s s continuous s s orderly s s process, s s provides s s the s s basis s s for s s increases s s in
ss the s s child’s ssfunction s s and s s complexity s s of s s behavior. s s The s s increases s s in s s rate s s of
ss function s s and s s complexity sscan s s vary ssnormally s s within s s limits s s for s s each s s child. s s An
ss increase s s in s s the s s number s s and s s size s s of sscells s s is s s a s s definition ssfor s s growth.
ss Development s s proceeds s s in s s a s s proximodistal s s direction s s with ssfine s s muscle
ss organization s s occurring s s as s s a s s result s s of s s large s s muscle s s organization. s s Development
is s s a s s more s s complex s s process s s that ssis s s affected s s by s s many s s factors; s s therefore, s s it
ss


ss is s s less s s easily s s and ssaccurately s s measured. s s Growth s s is s s a s s predictable s s process s s with
ss standard s s measurement s s methods.

2. Frequent s s developmental ssassessments s s are s s important s s for s s which s s reason?

a. Stable s s developmental s s periods s s during s s infancy s s provide s s an
s s opportunity s s to ssidentifyany ssdelays s s or s s deficits.



b. Infants s s need s s stimulation s s specific s s to s s the s s stage s s of s s development.

c. Critical ss periods s s of s s development s s occur s s during s s childhood.

d. Child s s development s s is s s unpredictable s s and s s needs s s monitoring.

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ANS: s s C

Critical s s periods s s are s s blocks s s of s s time s s during s s which s s children s s are s s ready s s to
ss master s s specific ssdevelopmental s s tasks. s s Children s s can s s master s s these s s tasks s s more
ss easily s s during s s particular s s periods ssof s s time s s in s s their s s growth s s and s s developmental
ss process. s s Infancy s s is s s a s s dynamic s s time s s of ssdevelopment s s that s s requires s s frequent
ss evaluations s s to s s assess s s appropriate s s developmental ssprogress. s s Infants s s in s s a
ss nurturing environment s s will s s develop s s appropriately s s and s s will s s not ssnecessarily s s need
nn



ss stimulation s s specific s s to s s theirdevelopmental s s stage. s s Normal s s growth s s and
development s s are s s orderly s s and s s proceed s s in s s a s s predictable s s pattern sson s s the s s basis
ss


ss of sseach ssindividuals s s abilities s s and s s potentials.

3. Which s s factor s s has s s the s s greatest s s influence s s on s s child s s growth s s and s s development?

a. Culture

b. Environment

c. Genetics

d. Nutrition


ANS: s s C

Genetic s s factors s s (heredity) s s determine s s each s s individuals s s growth s s and s s developmental
ss rate. ssAlthough s s factors s s such s s as s s environment, s s culture, s s nutrition, s s and s s family sscan
ss influence s s genetic sstraits, s s they s s do s s not s s eliminate s s the s s effect s s of s s the s s genetic
ss endowment, s s which s s is s s permanent.
Culture s s is s s a s s significant s s factor s s that s s influences s s how s s children s s grow s s toward
ss adulthood. s s Culture ssinfluences s s both s s growth s s and s s development s s but s s does s s not
ss eliminate s s inborn s s genetic s s influences. ssEnvironment s s has s s a s s significant s s rolein
ss determining s s growth s s and s s development s s both s s before s s and ssafter s s birth. s s The
ss environment s s can s s influence s s how s s and s s to s s which ssextent s s genetic s s traits s s are
manifested, s s but s s environmental ssfactors sscannoteliminate s s the s s effect s s of s s genetics.
ss


ss Nutrition s s is sscritical s s for s s growth s s and s s plays s s a s s significant s s role s s throughout
ss childhood.

4. A ssnurse s s is s s planning s s a s s teaching s s session s s with s s a s s child. s s According s s to s s Piagetian
ss theory, s s the ssperiod s s of s s cognitive s s development s s in s s which s s the s s child s s is s s able s s to
s s distinguish s s fact s s from ssfantasy ssis s s the s s period ssof sscognitive s s development.

, a. sensorimotor