NURS 220 UNIT 2 (LATEST UPDATE) REAL QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT | ALREADY GRADED
A
A patient who has vague symptoms of fatigue and headaches is found to
have a positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies. In discussing the test results
with the patient, the nurse informs the patient that
a. The EIA test will need to be repeated to verify the results.
b. A viral culture will be done to determine the progress of the disease.
c. It will probably be 10 or more years before the patient develops AIDS.
d. The Western blot test will need to be done to determine whether
AIDS has developed. Ans✓✓✓a. The EIA test will need to be repeated
to verify the results.
After an initial positive EIA test, the EIA is repeated before more
specific testing such as the Western blot is done. Viral cultures are not
part of HIV testing. Because the nurse does not know how recently the
patient was infected, it is not appropriate to predict the time frame for
AIDS development. The Western blot tests for HIV antibodies, not for
AIDS.
,Four years after seroconversion, an HIV-infected patient has a CD4+
cell count of 800/µl and a low viral load. The nurse teaches the patient
that
a. The patient is at risk for development of opportunistic infections
because of CD4+
cell destruction.
b. The patient is in a clinical and biologic latent period, during which
very few viruses are being replicated.
c. Anti-HIV antibodies produced by B cells enter CD4+ cells infected
with HIV to stop replication of viruses in the cells.
d. The body currently is able to produce an adequate number of CD4+
cells to replace those destroyed by viral activity. Ans✓✓✓d. The body
currently is able to produce an adequate number of CD4+ cells to
replace those destroyed by viral activity.
The patient is the early chronic stage of infection, when the body is able
to produce enough CD4+ cells to maintain the CD4+ count at a normal
level. The risk for opportunistic infection is low because of the normal
CD4+ count. Although the viral load in the blood is low, intracellular
reproduction of virus still occurs. Anti-HIV antibodies produced by B
cells attack the viruses in the blood, but not intracellular viruses.
,A patient is admitted to the hospital with Pneumocystis jiroveci
pneumonia (PCP) and HIV testing is positive. Based on diagnostic
criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC), the patient is diagnosed as having
a. Acute infection.
b. Intermediate chronic infection.
c. Late chronic infection or AIDS.
d. Early chronic infection. Ans✓✓✓c. Late chronic infection or AIDS.
Development of PCP pneumonia meets the diagnostic criterion for
AIDS. The other responses indicate an earlier stage of HIV infection
than is indicated by the PCP infection.
After having a positive rapid-antibody test for HIV, a patient is anxious
and does not appear to hear what the nurse is saying. At this time, it is
most important that the nurse
a. Inform the patient how to protect sexual and needle-sharing partners.
b. Teach the patient about the medications available for treatment.
c. Ask the patient to notify individuals who have had risky contact with
the patient.
, d. Remind the patient about the need to return for retesting to verify the
results. Ans✓✓✓d. Remind the patient about the need to return for
retesting to verify the results.
After an initial positive antibody test, the next step is retesting to
confirm the results. A patient who is anxious is not likely to be able to
take in new information or be willing to disclose information about HIV
status of other individuals.
A patient who is diagnosed with AIDS and has developed Kaposi's
sarcoma tells the nurse, "I have lots of thoughts about dying. Do you
think I am just being morbid?" Which response by the nurse is most
appropriate?
a. "Thinking about dying will not improve the course of AIDS."
b. "Although your diagnosis is serious, there are more treatments
available now."
c. "Try to focus on the good things in life because stress impairs the
immune system."
d. "Tell me what kind of thoughts you have about dying." Ans✓✓✓d.
"Tell me what kind of thoughts you have about dying."
More assessment of the patient's psychosocial status is needed before
taking any other action. The statements, "Thinking about dying will not
improve the course of AIDS" and "Try to focus on the good things in
life ..." discourage the patient from sharing any further information with
the nurse and decrease the nurse's ability to develop a trusting
VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT | ALREADY GRADED
A
A patient who has vague symptoms of fatigue and headaches is found to
have a positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies. In discussing the test results
with the patient, the nurse informs the patient that
a. The EIA test will need to be repeated to verify the results.
b. A viral culture will be done to determine the progress of the disease.
c. It will probably be 10 or more years before the patient develops AIDS.
d. The Western blot test will need to be done to determine whether
AIDS has developed. Ans✓✓✓a. The EIA test will need to be repeated
to verify the results.
After an initial positive EIA test, the EIA is repeated before more
specific testing such as the Western blot is done. Viral cultures are not
part of HIV testing. Because the nurse does not know how recently the
patient was infected, it is not appropriate to predict the time frame for
AIDS development. The Western blot tests for HIV antibodies, not for
AIDS.
,Four years after seroconversion, an HIV-infected patient has a CD4+
cell count of 800/µl and a low viral load. The nurse teaches the patient
that
a. The patient is at risk for development of opportunistic infections
because of CD4+
cell destruction.
b. The patient is in a clinical and biologic latent period, during which
very few viruses are being replicated.
c. Anti-HIV antibodies produced by B cells enter CD4+ cells infected
with HIV to stop replication of viruses in the cells.
d. The body currently is able to produce an adequate number of CD4+
cells to replace those destroyed by viral activity. Ans✓✓✓d. The body
currently is able to produce an adequate number of CD4+ cells to
replace those destroyed by viral activity.
The patient is the early chronic stage of infection, when the body is able
to produce enough CD4+ cells to maintain the CD4+ count at a normal
level. The risk for opportunistic infection is low because of the normal
CD4+ count. Although the viral load in the blood is low, intracellular
reproduction of virus still occurs. Anti-HIV antibodies produced by B
cells attack the viruses in the blood, but not intracellular viruses.
,A patient is admitted to the hospital with Pneumocystis jiroveci
pneumonia (PCP) and HIV testing is positive. Based on diagnostic
criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC), the patient is diagnosed as having
a. Acute infection.
b. Intermediate chronic infection.
c. Late chronic infection or AIDS.
d. Early chronic infection. Ans✓✓✓c. Late chronic infection or AIDS.
Development of PCP pneumonia meets the diagnostic criterion for
AIDS. The other responses indicate an earlier stage of HIV infection
than is indicated by the PCP infection.
After having a positive rapid-antibody test for HIV, a patient is anxious
and does not appear to hear what the nurse is saying. At this time, it is
most important that the nurse
a. Inform the patient how to protect sexual and needle-sharing partners.
b. Teach the patient about the medications available for treatment.
c. Ask the patient to notify individuals who have had risky contact with
the patient.
, d. Remind the patient about the need to return for retesting to verify the
results. Ans✓✓✓d. Remind the patient about the need to return for
retesting to verify the results.
After an initial positive antibody test, the next step is retesting to
confirm the results. A patient who is anxious is not likely to be able to
take in new information or be willing to disclose information about HIV
status of other individuals.
A patient who is diagnosed with AIDS and has developed Kaposi's
sarcoma tells the nurse, "I have lots of thoughts about dying. Do you
think I am just being morbid?" Which response by the nurse is most
appropriate?
a. "Thinking about dying will not improve the course of AIDS."
b. "Although your diagnosis is serious, there are more treatments
available now."
c. "Try to focus on the good things in life because stress impairs the
immune system."
d. "Tell me what kind of thoughts you have about dying." Ans✓✓✓d.
"Tell me what kind of thoughts you have about dying."
More assessment of the patient's psychosocial status is needed before
taking any other action. The statements, "Thinking about dying will not
improve the course of AIDS" and "Try to focus on the good things in
life ..." discourage the patient from sharing any further information with
the nurse and decrease the nurse's ability to develop a trusting
