Immunology & Microbiology Mastery:
High-Yield Exam Review for Nursing &
Healthcare Students
IgG antibodies
the most prevalent in an immune response
IgA antibodies
secretory in mucous membranes
IgM antibodies
Produced at first response
IgE antibodies
rises in worm infections
IgD antibodies
triggering molecule for more B-cells
Antigen
a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially
the production of antibodies.
Antibodies (immunoglobulins)
attack foreign proteins and pathogens
dendritic cells
Ingests antigens and delivers them to the nearest lymphoid organ
Lymphocytes
Two types: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight
bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and attack cancer cells, viruses, and
foreign substances.
Neutrophils
A type of white blood cell that engulfs microbes by phagocytosis
, Basophils
A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.
NK cells
responsible for immune surveillance, natural killer cells
herd immunity
the resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a
sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, especially through
vaccination.
humoral immune response
antibodies help neutralize or eliminate toxins and pathogens in the blood and lymph
cell-mediated immune response
The branch of adaptive immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which
defend against infected cells.
Phagocytosis (line of defense)
the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells
inflammation (line of defense)
a localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and
often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
fever (line of defense)
slows growth of many pathogens until other defenses can be mobilized
Type I hypersensitivity reaction
-Anaphylactic (immediate)
-Requires previous exposure to the antigen
-Can lead to death
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
-Cytotoxic and Cytolytic Reactions
-Ex: Hemolytic transfusion reactions
Type III hypersensitivity reaction
High-Yield Exam Review for Nursing &
Healthcare Students
IgG antibodies
the most prevalent in an immune response
IgA antibodies
secretory in mucous membranes
IgM antibodies
Produced at first response
IgE antibodies
rises in worm infections
IgD antibodies
triggering molecule for more B-cells
Antigen
a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially
the production of antibodies.
Antibodies (immunoglobulins)
attack foreign proteins and pathogens
dendritic cells
Ingests antigens and delivers them to the nearest lymphoid organ
Lymphocytes
Two types: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight
bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and attack cancer cells, viruses, and
foreign substances.
Neutrophils
A type of white blood cell that engulfs microbes by phagocytosis
, Basophils
A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.
NK cells
responsible for immune surveillance, natural killer cells
herd immunity
the resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population that results if a
sufficiently high proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, especially through
vaccination.
humoral immune response
antibodies help neutralize or eliminate toxins and pathogens in the blood and lymph
cell-mediated immune response
The branch of adaptive immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which
defend against infected cells.
Phagocytosis (line of defense)
the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells
inflammation (line of defense)
a localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and
often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
fever (line of defense)
slows growth of many pathogens until other defenses can be mobilized
Type I hypersensitivity reaction
-Anaphylactic (immediate)
-Requires previous exposure to the antigen
-Can lead to death
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
-Cytotoxic and Cytolytic Reactions
-Ex: Hemolytic transfusion reactions
Type III hypersensitivity reaction
