NURS 5315 ACTUAL SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Hypertrophy. Answer: E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
⩥ Hyperplasia. Answer: E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
⩥ Dysplasia. Answer: E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
⩥ Metaplasia. Answer: E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
, Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette
smoke
⩥ Hypoxia injury. Answer: E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP
increases anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
⩥ Free radical and ROS. Answer: E. normal byproduct of ATP
production, will overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular
antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease,
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
⩥ Ethanol. Answer: E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver
and nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine,
PO4, inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads
to liver failure irreversible
⩥ Oncosis. Answer: Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ
increases in weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with
high fever, hypocalcemia, certain infections
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Hypertrophy. Answer: E. Increase in cell size
P. Increased workload
Physiologic: weightlifting
Pathologic: cardiomegaly from HTN
⩥ Hyperplasia. Answer: E. Increase in cell number
P. Increased cellular division
Physiologic: liver regeneration
Pathologic: endometrial- usually r/t hormones
⩥ Dysplasia. Answer: E. Cells change in size, shape, organization
P. AKA atypical hyperplasia, a disorderly proliferation
Physiologic: N/A
Pathologic: squamous dysplasia of cervix from HPV
⩥ Metaplasia. Answer: E. one cell type replaced with another
P. reprogramming of stem cells, reversible
Physiologic: N/A
, Pathologic: stratified squamous cells in bronchial lining r/t cigarette
smoke
⩥ Hypoxia injury. Answer: E. inadequate oxygenation of tissues
P. decrease in mitochondrial function, decreased production of ATP
increases anaerobic metabolism. eventual cell death.
C.M. hypoxia, cyanosis, cognitive impairment, lethargy
⩥ Free radical and ROS. Answer: E. normal byproduct of ATP
production, will overwhelm the mitochondria- exhaust intracellular
antioxidants
P. lipid peroxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA
C.M. development in Alzheimer's, heart disease, Parkinson's disease,
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
⩥ Ethanol. Answer: E. mood altering drug, long term effects on liver
and nutritional status
P. metabolized by liver, generates free radicals
C.M. CNS depression, nutrient deficiencies-Mag, Vit B6, thiamine,
PO4, inflammation and fatty infiltration of liver, hepatomegaly, leads
to liver failure irreversible
⩥ Oncosis. Answer: Na and H2O enter cell and cause swelling. Organ
increases in weight, becomes distended and pale. Associated with
high fever, hypocalcemia, certain infections
