SLA Exam Questions and Answers |New Update with 100% Verified Answers
Accommodation Theory A framework for study of SLA that is based on the notion that
speakers usually unconsciously change their pronunciation and even the grammatical
complexity of sentences they use to sound more like whomever they are talking to.
acculturation Learning the culture of the L2 community and adapting to those values and
behavior patterns.
Acculturation Model Schumann's (1978) theory that identifies group factors such as identity
and status which determine social and psychological distance between learner and target
language populations. He claims these influence outcomes of SLA. Also known as Acculturation
Theory,
acquisition Krashen's term for a subconscious process of SLA involving an innate language
acquisition device (LAD) that is similar to the process which accounts for children's LI, in
opposition to learning, which is conscious. "Acquisition" and "learning" are used as synonyms in
this book.
additive bilingualism The result of SLA in social contexts where members of a dominant
group learn the language of a minority without threat to their LI competence or to their ethnic
identity.
affective strategies Means for learning an L2 that are related to individuals' feelings
aptitude An individual set of characteristics which correlates with success in language
learning
associative memory capacity Potentials and constraints on how linguistic items are stored,
and on how they are recalled and used in output. These determine appropriate selection from
L2 elements that are stored and ultimately determine speaker fluency.
, Audiolingual Method An approach to language teaching that emphasizes repetition and
habit formation. This approach was widely practiced in much of the world until at least the
1980s.
automatic processing After an initial stage of controlled processing, automatic processing is
a stage in learning that requires less mental "space" and attentional effort on the learner's part.
automatization The activation and retrieval of certain elements in memory whenever
appropriate input is perceived
auxiliary language: A second language that learners need to know for some official functions
in their immediate sociopolitical setting, or that they will need for purposes of wider
communication, although their first language serves most other needs in their lives,
basic variety A stage in development at which L2 learners have constructed an inter
language grammar consisting of infinitival verbs and during which there is increasing use of
grammatical relators such as prepositions. This is as opposed to the earlier stage where largely
nominals and adjectives are used, but seldom verbs, to organize utterances. Many learners may
be able to express themselves adequately at this stage in some contexts, and not all continue
development beyond this level
Behaviorism The most influential cognitive framework applied to language learning in the
1950s. It claims that learning is the result of habit formation
bottom-up processing Achieving interpretation and production of language meaning
through prior knowledge of the language system and of physical (graphic and auditory) cues.
central processing The heart of the Information Processing framework, where learning
occurs as learners go from controlled to automatic processing and reorganize their knowledge
child grammar Grammar of children at different maturational levels that is systematic in
terms of production and comprehension,
Accommodation Theory A framework for study of SLA that is based on the notion that
speakers usually unconsciously change their pronunciation and even the grammatical
complexity of sentences they use to sound more like whomever they are talking to.
acculturation Learning the culture of the L2 community and adapting to those values and
behavior patterns.
Acculturation Model Schumann's (1978) theory that identifies group factors such as identity
and status which determine social and psychological distance between learner and target
language populations. He claims these influence outcomes of SLA. Also known as Acculturation
Theory,
acquisition Krashen's term for a subconscious process of SLA involving an innate language
acquisition device (LAD) that is similar to the process which accounts for children's LI, in
opposition to learning, which is conscious. "Acquisition" and "learning" are used as synonyms in
this book.
additive bilingualism The result of SLA in social contexts where members of a dominant
group learn the language of a minority without threat to their LI competence or to their ethnic
identity.
affective strategies Means for learning an L2 that are related to individuals' feelings
aptitude An individual set of characteristics which correlates with success in language
learning
associative memory capacity Potentials and constraints on how linguistic items are stored,
and on how they are recalled and used in output. These determine appropriate selection from
L2 elements that are stored and ultimately determine speaker fluency.
, Audiolingual Method An approach to language teaching that emphasizes repetition and
habit formation. This approach was widely practiced in much of the world until at least the
1980s.
automatic processing After an initial stage of controlled processing, automatic processing is
a stage in learning that requires less mental "space" and attentional effort on the learner's part.
automatization The activation and retrieval of certain elements in memory whenever
appropriate input is perceived
auxiliary language: A second language that learners need to know for some official functions
in their immediate sociopolitical setting, or that they will need for purposes of wider
communication, although their first language serves most other needs in their lives,
basic variety A stage in development at which L2 learners have constructed an inter
language grammar consisting of infinitival verbs and during which there is increasing use of
grammatical relators such as prepositions. This is as opposed to the earlier stage where largely
nominals and adjectives are used, but seldom verbs, to organize utterances. Many learners may
be able to express themselves adequately at this stage in some contexts, and not all continue
development beyond this level
Behaviorism The most influential cognitive framework applied to language learning in the
1950s. It claims that learning is the result of habit formation
bottom-up processing Achieving interpretation and production of language meaning
through prior knowledge of the language system and of physical (graphic and auditory) cues.
central processing The heart of the Information Processing framework, where learning
occurs as learners go from controlled to automatic processing and reorganize their knowledge
child grammar Grammar of children at different maturational levels that is systematic in
terms of production and comprehension,
