What is the alimentary canal? - ANSWER the whole passage along which food
passes through the body from mouth to anus. It includes the esophagus, stomach, and
intestines.
Name the parts of the oral cavity that form the roof, sides, entrance, and floor. -
ANSWER The roof of the oral cavity is the hard and soft palates, the sides of the
mouth are the cheeks, the entrance to the mouth is the lips, and the floor of the mouth is
formed from the tongue.
Describe the structure and function of the tongue. Identify the different types of teeth and
name their functions. - ANSWER The tongue is made of muscle. It functions to taste
food, move food around the mouth for chewing, and to initiate swallowing.
There are four different types of teeth: incisors, molars, premolars, and canines. Incisors and
canines are used for biting into food, as they have a sharp cutting edge. The premolars and
molars are used for crushing food, as the crown of the tooth is broad.
describe the roles of the esophagus and pharynx in digestion? Whats at the end? -
ANSWER several layers of muscle that contract in a coordinated way to move the
food bolus and liquid from the pharynx to the stomach.
lower esophageal sphincter,
1
,Describe the role of the epiglottis during swallowing. - ANSWER The epiglottis
covers the entrance to the trachea during swallowing so that food enters the esophagus, not
the trachea.
what are the three parts of the stomach - ANSWER The stomach has three parts: the
fundus is the upper part, the body is the main part, and the lower part is the antrum.
Describe the two types of digestion performed by the stomach. What do these two types of
digestion produce and where does it go next? - ANSWER The stomach performs
mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs as the muscles in the walls
of the stomach contract to churn the food with the digestive juices in the stomach.
Chemical digestion occurs as the digestive enzymes within the gastric juices mix with the
food and break it down. The product of these actions is called chyme, a liquid that is then
released from the stomach into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter.
Describe the differences between the small and large intestines in terms of size and
function. - ANSWER The small intestine functions to continue chemical digestion
and to absorb nutrients through villi located in the walls of the small intestine. The diameter
of the small intestine is about 1 inch, and it is 21 feet long. starts at the pyloric sphincter
ends at ileocecal sphincter
The large intestine functions to compact the leftover waste into feces, absorb water from
the chyme, and remove feces from the body through defecation. The diameter of the large
intestine is 2 ½ inches, and it is 5 feet long.starts at the ilecoceal valve ends at anus
What are the three sections of the small intestine? What are the four sections of the large
intestine? - ANSWER The three sections of the small intestine are the duodenum,
ileum, and jejunum. The four sections of the large intestine are the cecum, colon, anal canal,
and rectum.
Identify the accessory organs of the digestive system and describe their functions. -
ANSWER The salivary glands function to secrete saliva into the mouth to moisten
2
, food and start carbohydrate digestion. The liver secretes bile and functions in the
metabolism(breaking down tissues) of nutrients for the body. The gallbladder stores bile.
The pancreas secretes hormones and digestive enzymes.
Name the kidney's three protective layers. - ANSWER The three protective layers of
the kidney are the renal capsule, perirenal fat, and the renal fascia.
Fill in the blank: ____ is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. -
ANSWER The nephron
Describe the parts of the nephron. - ANSWER The nephron starts at the glomerulus,
the tubule starting with the proximal convoluted portion, the loop of Henle, the distal
convoluted portion, and the collecting tubule.
Describe how urine is formed in the nephron. - ANSWER Glomerular filtration pulls
water and waste products out of the blood and into the tubule. As the tubule runs along a
capillary, the contents of the filtrate are refined as more waste products are added to the
filtrate, and proteins, glucose, ions, and water are reabsorbed into the blood.
Describe the path of urine from the kidney to outside the body - ANSWER Urine
flows from the kidney, through the ureter, to the urinary bladder, to the urethra, and out of
the urethra through the urinary meatus.
Describe the differences between the male urethra and the female urethra. -
ANSWER The male urethra is longer than the female urethra and it carries both
urine and semen out of the body.
A patient presents with swelling of the parotid gland, mouth pain with meals, and
tenderness at the opening of the parotid duct on the buccal What is the medical term for
this condition? Define buccal. - ANSWER Sialadenitis is inflammation of a salivary
gland and the condition described in this question. Buccal means pertaining to the cheek.
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passes through the body from mouth to anus. It includes the esophagus, stomach, and
intestines.
Name the parts of the oral cavity that form the roof, sides, entrance, and floor. -
ANSWER The roof of the oral cavity is the hard and soft palates, the sides of the
mouth are the cheeks, the entrance to the mouth is the lips, and the floor of the mouth is
formed from the tongue.
Describe the structure and function of the tongue. Identify the different types of teeth and
name their functions. - ANSWER The tongue is made of muscle. It functions to taste
food, move food around the mouth for chewing, and to initiate swallowing.
There are four different types of teeth: incisors, molars, premolars, and canines. Incisors and
canines are used for biting into food, as they have a sharp cutting edge. The premolars and
molars are used for crushing food, as the crown of the tooth is broad.
describe the roles of the esophagus and pharynx in digestion? Whats at the end? -
ANSWER several layers of muscle that contract in a coordinated way to move the
food bolus and liquid from the pharynx to the stomach.
lower esophageal sphincter,
1
,Describe the role of the epiglottis during swallowing. - ANSWER The epiglottis
covers the entrance to the trachea during swallowing so that food enters the esophagus, not
the trachea.
what are the three parts of the stomach - ANSWER The stomach has three parts: the
fundus is the upper part, the body is the main part, and the lower part is the antrum.
Describe the two types of digestion performed by the stomach. What do these two types of
digestion produce and where does it go next? - ANSWER The stomach performs
mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs as the muscles in the walls
of the stomach contract to churn the food with the digestive juices in the stomach.
Chemical digestion occurs as the digestive enzymes within the gastric juices mix with the
food and break it down. The product of these actions is called chyme, a liquid that is then
released from the stomach into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter.
Describe the differences between the small and large intestines in terms of size and
function. - ANSWER The small intestine functions to continue chemical digestion
and to absorb nutrients through villi located in the walls of the small intestine. The diameter
of the small intestine is about 1 inch, and it is 21 feet long. starts at the pyloric sphincter
ends at ileocecal sphincter
The large intestine functions to compact the leftover waste into feces, absorb water from
the chyme, and remove feces from the body through defecation. The diameter of the large
intestine is 2 ½ inches, and it is 5 feet long.starts at the ilecoceal valve ends at anus
What are the three sections of the small intestine? What are the four sections of the large
intestine? - ANSWER The three sections of the small intestine are the duodenum,
ileum, and jejunum. The four sections of the large intestine are the cecum, colon, anal canal,
and rectum.
Identify the accessory organs of the digestive system and describe their functions. -
ANSWER The salivary glands function to secrete saliva into the mouth to moisten
2
, food and start carbohydrate digestion. The liver secretes bile and functions in the
metabolism(breaking down tissues) of nutrients for the body. The gallbladder stores bile.
The pancreas secretes hormones and digestive enzymes.
Name the kidney's three protective layers. - ANSWER The three protective layers of
the kidney are the renal capsule, perirenal fat, and the renal fascia.
Fill in the blank: ____ is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. -
ANSWER The nephron
Describe the parts of the nephron. - ANSWER The nephron starts at the glomerulus,
the tubule starting with the proximal convoluted portion, the loop of Henle, the distal
convoluted portion, and the collecting tubule.
Describe how urine is formed in the nephron. - ANSWER Glomerular filtration pulls
water and waste products out of the blood and into the tubule. As the tubule runs along a
capillary, the contents of the filtrate are refined as more waste products are added to the
filtrate, and proteins, glucose, ions, and water are reabsorbed into the blood.
Describe the path of urine from the kidney to outside the body - ANSWER Urine
flows from the kidney, through the ureter, to the urinary bladder, to the urethra, and out of
the urethra through the urinary meatus.
Describe the differences between the male urethra and the female urethra. -
ANSWER The male urethra is longer than the female urethra and it carries both
urine and semen out of the body.
A patient presents with swelling of the parotid gland, mouth pain with meals, and
tenderness at the opening of the parotid duct on the buccal What is the medical term for
this condition? Define buccal. - ANSWER Sialadenitis is inflammation of a salivary
gland and the condition described in this question. Buccal means pertaining to the cheek.
3
