Bio 314 Final Exam and All Correct
Answers 2026 Updated.
Different types of cell in your body (skin, liver, muscle etc.) have
very different features. What might be the explanation for this? - Answer Each type of cell
has the same genome but express a different set of genes
Based on this theory, would you predict that the mitochondrial inner membrane is derived from
- Answer Engulfed bacterium
Animal cells contain mitochondria, whereas plant cells do not -
instead they contain chloroplasts. - Answer False
So - secreted proteins are made in the ER. Where else are proteins
synthesized within the cell? - Answer All of the above (Mitochondria, cytosol, chloroplasts)
What is the cell theory? - Answer All living cells are formed by the growth and division of
existing cells. All living organisms are made up from cells. The basic structural unit of all
organisms
Where cells come from? - Answer From other cells
How prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are defined? - Answer A cell without a nucleus is
defined as a prokaryotic cell. A cell with a nucleus is defined as a eukaryotic cell.
What are the similarities and differences between prokaryotic cells and our cells? - Answer
Both cells have ribosomes, plasma membrane
How are cells studied? - Answer microscopes
What is an advantage of electron microscopy? - Answer Can resolve details as small as about
0.2 nm, Higher range of magnification, and Larger resolution
What is a disadvantage of an electron microscopy? - Answer Can only image fixed cells,
expensive, and someone has to be trained to use
, What is an advantage of light microscopy? - Answer They can image live cells and Super-
resolution fluorescence can resolve to about 20 nm
What are the disadvantages of light microscopy? - Answer Not as high magnification
What evidence supports the endosymbiotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts? - Answer
Mitochondria has its own DNA and its structure resembles bacteria in a lot of ways
What's the major function of the nucleus? - Answer To be a nuclear envelope that contains
molecules of DNA
What's the major function of the endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer It is the site where most
cell-membrane components and materials destined for export from the cell are made. Irregular
maze of interconnected spaces enclosed by the membrane
What's the major function of the Golgi apparatus? - Answer Modifies and packages
molecules that are made in the ER that are destined to be either secreted from the cell or
transported to another cell compartment.
What's the major function of mitochondria? - Answer Generates chemical energy for the cell
and produces ATP from the oxidation of food molecules.
Consumes oxygen and releases CO2 called cellular respiration
What's the major function of chloroplasts? - Answer Carry out photosynthesis
What's the major function of lysosomes? - Answer Releasing nutrients from ingested food
particles into cytosol and breaking down unwanted molecules for either recycling within the cell
or excretion from the cell
What is the major function of peroxisomes? - Answer Provide a sequestered environment for
a variety of reactions in which hydrogen peroxide is used to inactivate toxic molecules
What is the major function of cytoskeletons? - Answer Criss-cross by long, fine filaments and
the filaments are anchored at one end of the plasma membrane or to radiate out from a central
site adjacent to the nucleus
Why do scientists study model organisms? - Answer They are easy to manipulate and have
short generation times and their genes are discrete
Answers 2026 Updated.
Different types of cell in your body (skin, liver, muscle etc.) have
very different features. What might be the explanation for this? - Answer Each type of cell
has the same genome but express a different set of genes
Based on this theory, would you predict that the mitochondrial inner membrane is derived from
- Answer Engulfed bacterium
Animal cells contain mitochondria, whereas plant cells do not -
instead they contain chloroplasts. - Answer False
So - secreted proteins are made in the ER. Where else are proteins
synthesized within the cell? - Answer All of the above (Mitochondria, cytosol, chloroplasts)
What is the cell theory? - Answer All living cells are formed by the growth and division of
existing cells. All living organisms are made up from cells. The basic structural unit of all
organisms
Where cells come from? - Answer From other cells
How prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are defined? - Answer A cell without a nucleus is
defined as a prokaryotic cell. A cell with a nucleus is defined as a eukaryotic cell.
What are the similarities and differences between prokaryotic cells and our cells? - Answer
Both cells have ribosomes, plasma membrane
How are cells studied? - Answer microscopes
What is an advantage of electron microscopy? - Answer Can resolve details as small as about
0.2 nm, Higher range of magnification, and Larger resolution
What is a disadvantage of an electron microscopy? - Answer Can only image fixed cells,
expensive, and someone has to be trained to use
, What is an advantage of light microscopy? - Answer They can image live cells and Super-
resolution fluorescence can resolve to about 20 nm
What are the disadvantages of light microscopy? - Answer Not as high magnification
What evidence supports the endosymbiotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts? - Answer
Mitochondria has its own DNA and its structure resembles bacteria in a lot of ways
What's the major function of the nucleus? - Answer To be a nuclear envelope that contains
molecules of DNA
What's the major function of the endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer It is the site where most
cell-membrane components and materials destined for export from the cell are made. Irregular
maze of interconnected spaces enclosed by the membrane
What's the major function of the Golgi apparatus? - Answer Modifies and packages
molecules that are made in the ER that are destined to be either secreted from the cell or
transported to another cell compartment.
What's the major function of mitochondria? - Answer Generates chemical energy for the cell
and produces ATP from the oxidation of food molecules.
Consumes oxygen and releases CO2 called cellular respiration
What's the major function of chloroplasts? - Answer Carry out photosynthesis
What's the major function of lysosomes? - Answer Releasing nutrients from ingested food
particles into cytosol and breaking down unwanted molecules for either recycling within the cell
or excretion from the cell
What is the major function of peroxisomes? - Answer Provide a sequestered environment for
a variety of reactions in which hydrogen peroxide is used to inactivate toxic molecules
What is the major function of cytoskeletons? - Answer Criss-cross by long, fine filaments and
the filaments are anchored at one end of the plasma membrane or to radiate out from a central
site adjacent to the nucleus
Why do scientists study model organisms? - Answer They are easy to manipulate and have
short generation times and their genes are discrete
