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Bergen Community College
BIO 109 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
EXAM #3 Questions and Answers 2026
Latest Update
What are the classifications of bones? Ans: long, short, flat, irregular,
sesamoid
parts of a long bone Ans: Diaphysis (bone shaft)
2 epiphyses (both ends of the bone at the joints)
2 metaphyses (region between diaphysis and epiphysis)
Articular cartilage covering both epiphyses
Periosteum (connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis)
Medullary cavity (hollow space within diaphysis)
Endosteum (thin membrane lining the medullary cavity)
lacunae Ans: small cavities that contain osteocytes within the lamellae
canaliculi Ans: canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central
canal, allowing nutrient and waste exchange
lamella Ans: weight-bearing, column-like matrix tubes composed mainly of
collagen
3 main cells within bone tissue Ans: osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclast
© 2026 All rights reserved
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What do they do Ans: Osteoblasts - (bone-building cells that secrete matrix;
initiate calcification)
Osteocytes - (mature bone cells)
Osteoclasts - (remodel bones and cause them to release calcium; bone
resorption)
different types of fractures that occur in the body Ans: greenstick - half
broke, forearm
impacted - chipped so ends are rubbing against each other, humerous
open (compound) - completely broke, open skin, humerous
closed (compound) - completely broke, intact skin, humerous
comminuted - shattered, humerous
pott - serious injury, tibia and fibula
colles - disturbs hand, radius
vertebral compression - crack, spine
steps in bone healing after a break occurs Ans: 1. The reactive phase - early
inflammatory phase.
2. The reparative phase - formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus first, then a
bony callus second.
4. The bone remodeling phase - last step as the bony callus is remodeled.
epiphyseal plate Ans: growth plate, a thin layer of hyaline cartilage in the
long bones of children and adolescents, located between the epiphysis (the
end of the bone) and the diaphysis (the shaft)
appositional growth Ans: the process by which bones increase in thickness
and diameter by adding new bone tissue to their outer surface. This
happens as osteoblasts on the outside of the bone create new bone matrix,
while osteoclasts on the inside break down old bone, which widens the
bone's marrow cavity.
© 2026 All rights reserved
Bergen Community College
BIO 109 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
EXAM #3 Questions and Answers 2026
Latest Update
What are the classifications of bones? Ans: long, short, flat, irregular,
sesamoid
parts of a long bone Ans: Diaphysis (bone shaft)
2 epiphyses (both ends of the bone at the joints)
2 metaphyses (region between diaphysis and epiphysis)
Articular cartilage covering both epiphyses
Periosteum (connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis)
Medullary cavity (hollow space within diaphysis)
Endosteum (thin membrane lining the medullary cavity)
lacunae Ans: small cavities that contain osteocytes within the lamellae
canaliculi Ans: canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central
canal, allowing nutrient and waste exchange
lamella Ans: weight-bearing, column-like matrix tubes composed mainly of
collagen
3 main cells within bone tissue Ans: osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclast
© 2026 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
What do they do Ans: Osteoblasts - (bone-building cells that secrete matrix;
initiate calcification)
Osteocytes - (mature bone cells)
Osteoclasts - (remodel bones and cause them to release calcium; bone
resorption)
different types of fractures that occur in the body Ans: greenstick - half
broke, forearm
impacted - chipped so ends are rubbing against each other, humerous
open (compound) - completely broke, open skin, humerous
closed (compound) - completely broke, intact skin, humerous
comminuted - shattered, humerous
pott - serious injury, tibia and fibula
colles - disturbs hand, radius
vertebral compression - crack, spine
steps in bone healing after a break occurs Ans: 1. The reactive phase - early
inflammatory phase.
2. The reparative phase - formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus first, then a
bony callus second.
4. The bone remodeling phase - last step as the bony callus is remodeled.
epiphyseal plate Ans: growth plate, a thin layer of hyaline cartilage in the
long bones of children and adolescents, located between the epiphysis (the
end of the bone) and the diaphysis (the shaft)
appositional growth Ans: the process by which bones increase in thickness
and diameter by adding new bone tissue to their outer surface. This
happens as osteoblasts on the outside of the bone create new bone matrix,
while osteoclasts on the inside break down old bone, which widens the
bone's marrow cavity.
© 2026 All rights reserved
