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NURS 502 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026 ACTUAL
VERIFIED EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+|NEWEST
EXAM!!!!
Lacosamide MOA/PK - ANSWER-Unknown MOA-
selectively enhances slow inactivation of voltage gated Na
channels? Stabilization of hyper excitable neuronal
membranes, inhibition of repetitive neuronal firing.
Absorption 100% (1:1 IV to PO conversion)
Renally excreted w/some biotransformation
Dose reduce in renal impairment
Lacosamide SE/AE/CI - ANSWER-SE: CNS (dizziness,
ataxia), cardiac (prolonged PR interval, 1st degree heart
block, atrial arrhythmias (seen w/ high doses), syncope (in
pts w/ dm neuropathy), DRESS/multi organ sensitivity,
euphoria (schedule V drug)
Cannabidiol DDI - ANSWER-Increases concentration of
clobazam, eslicarbazepine, topiramate, zonisamide,
rufinamide
Oral solution up to 20 mg/kg/day
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Cannabidiol MOA/PK - ANSWER-FDA approved as
adjunctive tx for seizures r/t Dravet/Lennox-Gastaut
Syndromes
Natural cannabinoid, no psychoactive properties
Cannabidiol SE/AE/CI - ANSWER-Diarrhea, vomiting,
fatigue, pyrexia (fever), somnolence, abnormal LFTs
Which anti-seizure medications can cause rashes -
ANSWER-· Phenobarbital (SJS/TEN)
· Phenytoin
· Carbamazepine (delayed 2-8 weeks)
· Those with HLAB1502 allele 10x more likely
· Test patients of Asian decent
· Oxcarbazepine (SJS/TEN)
· If pt had rash with carbamazepine, 20-30% cross-
sensitivity (i.e. don't start a patient on oxcarbazepine if
they had a rash w/carbamazepine)
· Esclicarbazepine: DRESS/multiorgan hypersensitivity
(less than carb/oxcarb)
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· Lamotrigine (can be life-threatening, ^^ w/ high starting
dose, rapid titration, concurrent valproic acid use) *BBW
life-threatening 2-8w
· Zonisamide
· Lacosamide (DRESS)
How a phenytoin level changes based on different
laboratory changes, particularly changes in kidney function
and nutritional status - ANSWER-· Renal failure =
decreased binding = increased plasma concentration
· Low albumin (i.e. poor nutritional status) = total levels will
be inaccurate (falsely low)
-Get free phenytoin level vs total (free=unbound)
therapeutic range: Free 1-2 mcg/ml ; Total 10-20mcg/ml
How to safely start a patient on Lamotrigine. - ANSWER-·
Chances of rash increased with high starting dose, rapid
titration, or concurrent valproic acid use- BBW @ 2-8w
· "Start low, go slow" to prevent life-threatening rash
· With concurrent VPA (inhibitor) use: dose every other day
· Weeks 1, 2: 25 mg daily
· Weeks 3, 4: 50 mg daily
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· Weeks 5+: ^ 50 mg daily 1-2w
Best therapy for migraine prophylaxis based on a patient
history and presentation. Choosing a med that may help
two issues
HTN and nonsmoker - ANSWER-BB:
-Propranolol, metoprolol, timolol
-Most widely used for migraine prophylaxis/raise migraine
threshold by adrenergic/serotonergic neurotransmission in
cortical pathways
-Start low/go slow to avoid hypotension
-May take several weeks
-Adverse DI: fatigue, depression, brady, hypotension, ^
airway resistance (non-selective)
-Metoprolol/atenolol B1 selective
-Dose of rizatriptan should be limited to 5 mg (max 15
mg/day) when taking propranolol
** Do not use beta-blockers if pt smokes bc compared with
other antiHTN drugs, BB may be associated with higher
rate of stroke or other CV event
NURS 502 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026 ACTUAL
VERIFIED EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+|NEWEST
EXAM!!!!
Lacosamide MOA/PK - ANSWER-Unknown MOA-
selectively enhances slow inactivation of voltage gated Na
channels? Stabilization of hyper excitable neuronal
membranes, inhibition of repetitive neuronal firing.
Absorption 100% (1:1 IV to PO conversion)
Renally excreted w/some biotransformation
Dose reduce in renal impairment
Lacosamide SE/AE/CI - ANSWER-SE: CNS (dizziness,
ataxia), cardiac (prolonged PR interval, 1st degree heart
block, atrial arrhythmias (seen w/ high doses), syncope (in
pts w/ dm neuropathy), DRESS/multi organ sensitivity,
euphoria (schedule V drug)
Cannabidiol DDI - ANSWER-Increases concentration of
clobazam, eslicarbazepine, topiramate, zonisamide,
rufinamide
Oral solution up to 20 mg/kg/day
,2|Page
Cannabidiol MOA/PK - ANSWER-FDA approved as
adjunctive tx for seizures r/t Dravet/Lennox-Gastaut
Syndromes
Natural cannabinoid, no psychoactive properties
Cannabidiol SE/AE/CI - ANSWER-Diarrhea, vomiting,
fatigue, pyrexia (fever), somnolence, abnormal LFTs
Which anti-seizure medications can cause rashes -
ANSWER-· Phenobarbital (SJS/TEN)
· Phenytoin
· Carbamazepine (delayed 2-8 weeks)
· Those with HLAB1502 allele 10x more likely
· Test patients of Asian decent
· Oxcarbazepine (SJS/TEN)
· If pt had rash with carbamazepine, 20-30% cross-
sensitivity (i.e. don't start a patient on oxcarbazepine if
they had a rash w/carbamazepine)
· Esclicarbazepine: DRESS/multiorgan hypersensitivity
(less than carb/oxcarb)
,3|Page
· Lamotrigine (can be life-threatening, ^^ w/ high starting
dose, rapid titration, concurrent valproic acid use) *BBW
life-threatening 2-8w
· Zonisamide
· Lacosamide (DRESS)
How a phenytoin level changes based on different
laboratory changes, particularly changes in kidney function
and nutritional status - ANSWER-· Renal failure =
decreased binding = increased plasma concentration
· Low albumin (i.e. poor nutritional status) = total levels will
be inaccurate (falsely low)
-Get free phenytoin level vs total (free=unbound)
therapeutic range: Free 1-2 mcg/ml ; Total 10-20mcg/ml
How to safely start a patient on Lamotrigine. - ANSWER-·
Chances of rash increased with high starting dose, rapid
titration, or concurrent valproic acid use- BBW @ 2-8w
· "Start low, go slow" to prevent life-threatening rash
· With concurrent VPA (inhibitor) use: dose every other day
· Weeks 1, 2: 25 mg daily
· Weeks 3, 4: 50 mg daily
, 4|Page
· Weeks 5+: ^ 50 mg daily 1-2w
Best therapy for migraine prophylaxis based on a patient
history and presentation. Choosing a med that may help
two issues
HTN and nonsmoker - ANSWER-BB:
-Propranolol, metoprolol, timolol
-Most widely used for migraine prophylaxis/raise migraine
threshold by adrenergic/serotonergic neurotransmission in
cortical pathways
-Start low/go slow to avoid hypotension
-May take several weeks
-Adverse DI: fatigue, depression, brady, hypotension, ^
airway resistance (non-selective)
-Metoprolol/atenolol B1 selective
-Dose of rizatriptan should be limited to 5 mg (max 15
mg/day) when taking propranolol
** Do not use beta-blockers if pt smokes bc compared with
other antiHTN drugs, BB may be associated with higher
rate of stroke or other CV event
