ESR 306 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the definition of diabetes mellitus given in lecture? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A group of
metabolic diseases characterized by an elevated blood glucose concentration as a result of defects in
insulin secretion and or an inability to use insulin
Retinopathy, nephropathy, CAD, PAD and neuropathies are possible complications of what risk factor? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Sustained elevated blood glucose levels
What is Type I diabetes mellitus often caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Caused by the autoimmune
destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas
What is the prevalence of Type I DM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅5-10%
What is Type II diabetes mellitus caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Insulin-resistant skeletal muscle,
adipose tissue, and liver combined with an insulin secretory defect
What is the prevalence of Type II DM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅90-95%
What pathology has nearly absolute insulin deficiency and a high tendency for ketoacidosis? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
What type of diabetes is linked to pregnancy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Gestational
What is the definition of impaired glucose tolerance? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Elevated blood glucose in
response to dietary carbohydrate
What is the definition of impaired fasting glucose? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Elevate blood glucose in the
fasting state
What is the normal range of HbA1C? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅<5.7%
, What is the prediabetes range of HbA1C? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅5.7-6.4%
What HbA1C is classified as diabetes mellitus? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅More or equal to 6.5%
Those who are diabetic have a fundamental goal of glycemic control. How is glycemic control attained? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Using diet, exercise and in many cases medications such as insulin
What does glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) reflects what? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Mean blood
glucose control over the past 2-3 months with a general goal of <6.5%
Individuals may prevent or delay transition from prediabetes to T2DM by what? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Exercise and lifestyle habits
Regular exercise in those with T2DM results in what? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅In improved glucose
tolerance, increased insulin sensitivity and decreases HbA1C
Does an individual who is asymptomatic for CVD but is sedentary and has DM need to have medical
clearance before starting an exercise program? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Should receive medical
clearance before starting exercise program
No more than how many consecutive days without aerobic exercise should be allowed in order to
prevent a period of excessive decline of insulin action/insulin sensitivity? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Two
consecutive days
Completing resistance training prior to aerobic training may lower the risk of what in individuals with
T1DM during combined training? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hypoglycemia
Vitreous hemorrhage is a risk factor associated with diabetes. What activities should be avoided? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅That dramatically elevate blood pressure, vigorous intensity aerobic and
resistance exercise, jumping, jarring, head down activities and Valsalva maneuvers
What is the definition of diabetes mellitus given in lecture? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A group of
metabolic diseases characterized by an elevated blood glucose concentration as a result of defects in
insulin secretion and or an inability to use insulin
Retinopathy, nephropathy, CAD, PAD and neuropathies are possible complications of what risk factor? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Sustained elevated blood glucose levels
What is Type I diabetes mellitus often caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Caused by the autoimmune
destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas
What is the prevalence of Type I DM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅5-10%
What is Type II diabetes mellitus caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Insulin-resistant skeletal muscle,
adipose tissue, and liver combined with an insulin secretory defect
What is the prevalence of Type II DM? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅90-95%
What pathology has nearly absolute insulin deficiency and a high tendency for ketoacidosis? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
What type of diabetes is linked to pregnancy? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Gestational
What is the definition of impaired glucose tolerance? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Elevated blood glucose in
response to dietary carbohydrate
What is the definition of impaired fasting glucose? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Elevate blood glucose in the
fasting state
What is the normal range of HbA1C? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅<5.7%
, What is the prediabetes range of HbA1C? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅5.7-6.4%
What HbA1C is classified as diabetes mellitus? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅More or equal to 6.5%
Those who are diabetic have a fundamental goal of glycemic control. How is glycemic control attained? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Using diet, exercise and in many cases medications such as insulin
What does glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) reflects what? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Mean blood
glucose control over the past 2-3 months with a general goal of <6.5%
Individuals may prevent or delay transition from prediabetes to T2DM by what? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Exercise and lifestyle habits
Regular exercise in those with T2DM results in what? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅In improved glucose
tolerance, increased insulin sensitivity and decreases HbA1C
Does an individual who is asymptomatic for CVD but is sedentary and has DM need to have medical
clearance before starting an exercise program? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Should receive medical
clearance before starting exercise program
No more than how many consecutive days without aerobic exercise should be allowed in order to
prevent a period of excessive decline of insulin action/insulin sensitivity? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Two
consecutive days
Completing resistance training prior to aerobic training may lower the risk of what in individuals with
T1DM during combined training? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hypoglycemia
Vitreous hemorrhage is a risk factor associated with diabetes. What activities should be avoided? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅That dramatically elevate blood pressure, vigorous intensity aerobic and
resistance exercise, jumping, jarring, head down activities and Valsalva maneuvers
