FCCN Level 1 Exam Questions And Answers
Latest 2026 | Guaranteed Pass
1. minimum urine output for adult
Answer: 0.5mL/kg/hr
2. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Answer: - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
3. ADH pathway
Answer: - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
,- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
4. ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
Answer: - cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
5. hydrostatic pressure
Answer: - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and into the tissue spaces
6. colloid osmotic pressure
Answer: - pulling force of albumin in the intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
7. maintenance fluid therapy
Answer: - replaces normal ongoing losses of water and electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
,8. replacement therapy
Answer: - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte deficits
9. isotonic fluids
Answer: - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
10. hypotonic fluids
Answer: - lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
11. hypertonic fluid
Answer: - higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
, - D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
12. colloids
Answer: - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
13. blood
Answer: - not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
14. third spacing
Answer: - fluid is not lost from the body but the fluid is not available for use in the intracellular or
extracellular compartments (fluid is in between tissues/cells)
- this patient is intravascularly dry and still needs more fluid
Latest 2026 | Guaranteed Pass
1. minimum urine output for adult
Answer: 0.5mL/kg/hr
2. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Answer: - water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
3. ADH pathway
Answer: - hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
,- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
4. ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
Answer: - cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
5. hydrostatic pressure
Answer: - forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and into the tissue spaces
6. colloid osmotic pressure
Answer: - pulling force of albumin in the intravascular spaces
- pull fluid into vasculature
7. maintenance fluid therapy
Answer: - replaces normal ongoing losses of water and electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
,8. replacement therapy
Answer: - corrects any existing water and or electrolyte deficits
9. isotonic fluids
Answer: - tonicity equal to plasma in the body
- no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
- LR
- NS
- D5W
10. hypotonic fluids
Answer: - lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
- 0.45NS
11. hypertonic fluid
Answer: - higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
- pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
, - D5 .45NS
- D5NS
- D5LR
- 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
12. colloids
Answer: - pull fluid into bloodstream
Albumin
- 5% is osmotically equal to plasma
- 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
13. blood
Answer: - not a risk free fluid replacement
- this is liquid transplant
14. third spacing
Answer: - fluid is not lost from the body but the fluid is not available for use in the intracellular or
extracellular compartments (fluid is in between tissues/cells)
- this patient is intravascularly dry and still needs more fluid
