CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Process in which oxygen and glucose are broken
down to form water, carbon dioxide and
energy/ATP
• Input: Glucose and oxygen
• Output: Water; carbon dioxide and energy
CHEMICAL EQUATION OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 + O2= 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP/energy
Where does cellular respiration occur?
- Mitochondria of plant and animal cells
How many phases does cellular respiration occur in?
• Anaerobic respiration, in the absence of oxygen
• Aerobic respiration, in the presence of oxygen
Difference between breathing and respiration?
Breathing is the physical process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon
dioxide
Respiration is the metabolic process inside cells that use oxygen and
glucose to convert it into energy
HOW DOES THE STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRIA PROMOTE RESPIRATION?
• The matrix contains enzymes that assist during the Krebs Cycle
• The outer membrane is permeable to pyruvate and ATP to leave
the mitochondria • The inner membrane is folded forming cristae
that increase the surface area for respiration to occur • The
cristae of the mitochondria is where oxidative phosphorylation
occurs due to
PROCESS
1. Glycolysis ( 2 ATP IS FORMED) Location: Occurs in the cytoplasm because there are enzymes in the
cytoplasm that can break down glucose - No oxygen is required/ anaerobic process - Glucose (a 6-
carbon molecule) is broken into two pyruvate molecules (pyruvate is a 3-carbon molecule)
2. Krebs Cycle (2 ATP IS FORMED) Location: Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria • Takes place in
the presence of oxygen • Carbon dioxide is released IN THIS PHASE - Pyruvate enters the mitochondrion
and cyclic reactions take place - Energy rich hydrogen atoms and carbon dioxide is released
3.Oxidative phosphorylation (32-34 ATP FORMED) Location: Occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria.
Energy is released as hydrogen atoms are transferred - Phosphate molecule bind to ADP molecule by
energy - ATP is formed - Oxygen is the last hydrogen acceptor, leading to water being formed (Two
hydrogens bind with oxygen)
PROCESS OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION -
Glycolysis is anaerobic, occurs in the absence of oxygen -
Fermentation is the anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen in cells and in yeast
Fermentation debriefed quickly:
- Occurs in the absence of oxygen and allows glycolysis to occur still in the cytoplasm of cells - Glucose is broken down into
pyruvate via glycolysis, producing small amount of ATP
- Pyruvate is converted into lactic acid in muscle cells, and in yeast pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide
- Carbon dioxide is still released during fermentation, products like ethanol and lactic acid are by products that are also being
released
Process in which oxygen and glucose are broken
down to form water, carbon dioxide and
energy/ATP
• Input: Glucose and oxygen
• Output: Water; carbon dioxide and energy
CHEMICAL EQUATION OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
C6H12O6 + O2= 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP/energy
Where does cellular respiration occur?
- Mitochondria of plant and animal cells
How many phases does cellular respiration occur in?
• Anaerobic respiration, in the absence of oxygen
• Aerobic respiration, in the presence of oxygen
Difference between breathing and respiration?
Breathing is the physical process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon
dioxide
Respiration is the metabolic process inside cells that use oxygen and
glucose to convert it into energy
HOW DOES THE STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRIA PROMOTE RESPIRATION?
• The matrix contains enzymes that assist during the Krebs Cycle
• The outer membrane is permeable to pyruvate and ATP to leave
the mitochondria • The inner membrane is folded forming cristae
that increase the surface area for respiration to occur • The
cristae of the mitochondria is where oxidative phosphorylation
occurs due to
PROCESS
1. Glycolysis ( 2 ATP IS FORMED) Location: Occurs in the cytoplasm because there are enzymes in the
cytoplasm that can break down glucose - No oxygen is required/ anaerobic process - Glucose (a 6-
carbon molecule) is broken into two pyruvate molecules (pyruvate is a 3-carbon molecule)
2. Krebs Cycle (2 ATP IS FORMED) Location: Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria • Takes place in
the presence of oxygen • Carbon dioxide is released IN THIS PHASE - Pyruvate enters the mitochondrion
and cyclic reactions take place - Energy rich hydrogen atoms and carbon dioxide is released
3.Oxidative phosphorylation (32-34 ATP FORMED) Location: Occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria.
Energy is released as hydrogen atoms are transferred - Phosphate molecule bind to ADP molecule by
energy - ATP is formed - Oxygen is the last hydrogen acceptor, leading to water being formed (Two
hydrogens bind with oxygen)
PROCESS OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION -
Glycolysis is anaerobic, occurs in the absence of oxygen -
Fermentation is the anaerobic process that allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen in cells and in yeast
Fermentation debriefed quickly:
- Occurs in the absence of oxygen and allows glycolysis to occur still in the cytoplasm of cells - Glucose is broken down into
pyruvate via glycolysis, producing small amount of ATP
- Pyruvate is converted into lactic acid in muscle cells, and in yeast pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide
- Carbon dioxide is still released during fermentation, products like ethanol and lactic acid are by products that are also being
released
