PSY 203 Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers
ways |of |knowing |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-authority, |common |sense, |intuition, |rationalism, |
empiricism |(best), |personal |experience
authority |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |someone |influential |says |so
common |sense |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-what |everyone |knows, |backed |by |personal |experience
intuition |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-"feeling |of |knowing" |something |but |not |quite |sure |where |
the |knowledge |came |from
rationalism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |priori |(before |results) |method; |knowledge |derived |from |
reasoning |or |logic
empericism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-knowledge |from |experience |or |observation; |relies |on |
data |(same |results |over |and |over |again)
personal |experience |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-heavily |selective, |colored |by |expectations |and |
biases; |selective |information: |incomplete |info, |only |successes |not |failures, |cannot |reach |
conclusion
confirmation |bias |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cherry-picking |data |or |only |presenting |confirming |
evidence |and |hiding |disconfirming |evidence
,availability |heuristic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-something |particularly |memorable |or |salient |
skews |your |view |of |the |world
ex: |plane |crashes |can |make |people |afraid |of |flying; |however, |the |likelihood |of |dying |in |a |car |
accident |is |far |higher |than |dying |as |a |passenger |on |an |airplane
determinism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-all |behavior |has |a |cause |and |thus |is |predictable
statistical |determinism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-laws |of |probability |can |be |used |to |predict |the |
likely |# |of |events |of |a |given |kind |that |will |occur |in |a |given |population |under |certain |defined |
conditions
placebo |effects |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |a |person's |health |appears |to |improve |after |
taking |a |placebo |treatment |(shouldn't |have |had |an |effect)
scientific |method |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-self-corrective |method
claims |and |predictions |falsifiable
empirical |questions |& |solvable |problems
science |assumes |determinism
discoverability |(empirical |questions) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-data-driven |questions |that |can |
be |answered |by |collecting |data |and |are |falsifiable
systematic |empiricism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-collecting |data |in |a |structured |manner |in |order
|to |evaluate |claims |or |hypotheses |(distinguish |between |different |POVs)
publicly |available |information |& |objectivity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |methods |and |data |
are |objective |(not |influenced |by |personal |feelings |or |opinions |in |considering |and |representing |
facts) |and |available |to |the |public |eye
, tentative |conclusions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-conclusions |drawn |from |data |are |always |
tentative, |subject |to |revision |based |on |future |research
conclusions |are |not |absolute |but |there |is |confidence |that |research |gets |closer |and |closer |to |
the |truth
replication |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-providing |others |with |enough |info |so |they |can |reproduce |
methods |and |get |the |same |results |(hopefully)
peer |review |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-independent |experts |review |articles |before |they |are |
published
null |hypothesis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-states |that |there |is |no |relationship |between |two |
variables
alternative |hypothesis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-looking |at |whether |there's |enough |change |(or |
relationship |between |variables) |to |be |able |to |reject |the |null |hypothesis
theory |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |idea |about |how |something |works
set |of |logically |consistent |statements |about |some |phenomenon |that: |summarizes |existing |
knowledge |of |the |phenomenon, |organizes |the |knowledge |into |precise |statements |of |
relationships |among |variables, |proposes |an |explanation |for |the |phenomenon, |and |serves |as |a |
basis |for |making |predictions |about |behavior
claims |and |predictions |falsifiable |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-should |be |able |to |collect |data |that |
goes |against |hypothesis
self-correcting |mechanism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-objective |process |that |incorporates |new |
info |and |updates |beliefs |about |the |world |depending |on |the |available |evidence
Answers
ways |of |knowing |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-authority, |common |sense, |intuition, |rationalism, |
empiricism |(best), |personal |experience
authority |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |someone |influential |says |so
common |sense |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-what |everyone |knows, |backed |by |personal |experience
intuition |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-"feeling |of |knowing" |something |but |not |quite |sure |where |
the |knowledge |came |from
rationalism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-a |priori |(before |results) |method; |knowledge |derived |from |
reasoning |or |logic
empericism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-knowledge |from |experience |or |observation; |relies |on |
data |(same |results |over |and |over |again)
personal |experience |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-heavily |selective, |colored |by |expectations |and |
biases; |selective |information: |incomplete |info, |only |successes |not |failures, |cannot |reach |
conclusion
confirmation |bias |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-cherry-picking |data |or |only |presenting |confirming |
evidence |and |hiding |disconfirming |evidence
,availability |heuristic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-something |particularly |memorable |or |salient |
skews |your |view |of |the |world
ex: |plane |crashes |can |make |people |afraid |of |flying; |however, |the |likelihood |of |dying |in |a |car |
accident |is |far |higher |than |dying |as |a |passenger |on |an |airplane
determinism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-all |behavior |has |a |cause |and |thus |is |predictable
statistical |determinism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-laws |of |probability |can |be |used |to |predict |the |
likely |# |of |events |of |a |given |kind |that |will |occur |in |a |given |population |under |certain |defined |
conditions
placebo |effects |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |a |person's |health |appears |to |improve |after |
taking |a |placebo |treatment |(shouldn't |have |had |an |effect)
scientific |method |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-self-corrective |method
claims |and |predictions |falsifiable
empirical |questions |& |solvable |problems
science |assumes |determinism
discoverability |(empirical |questions) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-data-driven |questions |that |can |
be |answered |by |collecting |data |and |are |falsifiable
systematic |empiricism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-collecting |data |in |a |structured |manner |in |order
|to |evaluate |claims |or |hypotheses |(distinguish |between |different |POVs)
publicly |available |information |& |objectivity |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-when |methods |and |data |
are |objective |(not |influenced |by |personal |feelings |or |opinions |in |considering |and |representing |
facts) |and |available |to |the |public |eye
, tentative |conclusions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-conclusions |drawn |from |data |are |always |
tentative, |subject |to |revision |based |on |future |research
conclusions |are |not |absolute |but |there |is |confidence |that |research |gets |closer |and |closer |to |
the |truth
replication |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-providing |others |with |enough |info |so |they |can |reproduce |
methods |and |get |the |same |results |(hopefully)
peer |review |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-independent |experts |review |articles |before |they |are |
published
null |hypothesis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-states |that |there |is |no |relationship |between |two |
variables
alternative |hypothesis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-looking |at |whether |there's |enough |change |(or |
relationship |between |variables) |to |be |able |to |reject |the |null |hypothesis
theory |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |idea |about |how |something |works
set |of |logically |consistent |statements |about |some |phenomenon |that: |summarizes |existing |
knowledge |of |the |phenomenon, |organizes |the |knowledge |into |precise |statements |of |
relationships |among |variables, |proposes |an |explanation |for |the |phenomenon, |and |serves |as |a |
basis |for |making |predictions |about |behavior
claims |and |predictions |falsifiable |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-should |be |able |to |collect |data |that |
goes |against |hypothesis
self-correcting |mechanism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-objective |process |that |incorporates |new |
info |and |updates |beliefs |about |the |world |depending |on |the |available |evidence
