NUR 353 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Where does fertilization occur? - ANSWER-Ampulla of the Fallopian tube
Describe the menstral cycle? - ANSWER-
normal weight gain during pregnancy - ANSWER-underweight: 28-40 lbs
normal: 25-35 lbs
overweight: 15-25 lbs
obese: 11-20 lbs
Goodell sign - ANSWER-softening of the cervical tip
Chadwick's sign - ANSWER-violet-bluish color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix
Hegar sign - ANSWER-softening and compression of the lower uterine segment
ballottment - ANSWER-passive movement of the unengaged fetus
cardiovascular changes in pregnancy - ANSWER-cardiac output increases 30-50%
blood volume increases 30-45%
HR increases 10-15 bpm
more clotting factors
slight cardiac hypertrophy
murmurs more common
respiratory changes - ANSWER-maternal oxygen needs increase
increased tidal volume
increased oxygen consumption
diaphragm elevates, total lung capacity decreases in the third trimester
renal changes - ANSWER-filtration rate increases because of pregnancy hormones,
increased blood volume, and increased metabolic demands
pressure on bladder
reproductive changes - ANSWER-thickening of vaginal mucosa, chadwick's sign,
leukorrhea
breast tenderness, colostrum and discharge, increased pigmentation
enlarged montgomery's glands
uterus increases in size and changes shape and position, hegar's sign
,Naegele's rule - ANSWER-Way of determining gestational age: determine first day of
LMP, count 3 months back, add 7 days
Parity - ANSWER-number of pregnancies that reach 20 weeks- born alive, stillborn, or
abortion
Gravita - ANSWER-Number of pregnancies
placenta structure - ANSWER-Mom's blood goes through the endometrial artery to the
intervillous space, through the umbilical vein to the baby
Baby's blood goes through the umbilical arteries to the intervillous space, through the
endometrial vein to mom
when is the placenta fully functional? - ANSWER-7-10 weeks
Structures of female reproductive system - ANSWER-
1st trimester discomforts - ANSWER-Breast changes (enlargement, pain, tingling,
tenderness); Urination- urgency, frequency; Languor & malaise; fatigue; N/V- morning
sickness; Ptyalism (excessive salivation); Gingivitis and epulis; Nasal stuffiness,
epistaxis; Leukorrhea; Psychosocial dynamics ( mood swings, mixed feelings)
Morning sickness - ANSWER-50-75% of pregnant women
Starts between 1st and 2nd missed period and lasts until about the fourth missed
period.
Can occur any time of day
Fathers may also have symptoms
2nd trimester discomforts - ANSWER-Pigmentation deepens, acne, oily skin; Spider
nevi (angiomas); Palmar erythema; Pruritis (noninflammatory); Palpitations; Supine
hypotension; Faintness, syncope (rare)- orthostatic hypotension; Food cravings;
heartburn; constipation; Flatulence with bloating and belching; varicose veins;
Leukorrhea; headaches (to wk. 26); Carpal tunnel syndrome; periodic
numbness/tingling of fingers; round ligament pain; joint pain, backache, pelvic pressure;
joint hypermobility
3rd trimester discomforts - ANSWER-Shortness of breath, dyspnea; Insomnia;
psychosocial responses; gingivitis & epulis; urinary frequency and urgency return;
perineal discomfort/ pressure; leg cramps; non-pitting ankle edema;
Infection S&S - ANSWER-Chills/ fever; burning upon urinating; diarrhea
Hyperemesis gravidarum S&S - ANSWER-Severe vomiting
Miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy S&S - ANSWER-Abdominal cramping; vaginal bleeding
, Hypertension, preeclampsia, hyperemesis gravidarum - ANSWER-Persistent severe
vominting
Premature rupture of membranes S&S - ANSWER-Sudden discharge of fluid from
vagina before 37 weeks
Miscarriage, placenta previa; abruptio placentae S&S - ANSWER-Vaginal bleeding;
severe abdominal pain
Kidney infection or kidney stones; preterm labor S&S - ANSWER-Severe backache or
flank pain
Fetal jeopardy or intrauterine fetal death S&S - ANSWER-Change in fetal movement;
absence of fetal movements after quickening; any unusual change in pattern or amount
Preterm labor S&S - ANSWER-Uterine contractions, pressure, cramping before 37
weeks
Diagnostic testing - ANSWER-3 hour GTT
Amniocentesis or CVS (Chorionic villus sampling)
amniocentesis, nonstress test (NST), biophysical profile (BPP), and ultrasound
examination
Nuchael translucency
Celphry DNA
Hypertensive conditions, preeclampsia, abruptio placentae S&S - ANSWER-Epigastric
or abdominal pain (perceived as severe stomach ache)
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus S&S - ANSWER-Glycosuria
positive glucose tolerance test reaction
What is a biophysical profile? - ANSWER-noninvasive dynamic assessment of a fetus
that is based on acute and chronic markers of fetal disease
BPP includes AFV, FBMs, fetal movements, and fetal tone determined by ultrasound
and fetal heart rate (FHR)
1. fetal breathing movements
2. fetal movements
3. fetal tone
4. amniotic fluid index
5. non stress test (want nonreactive)
Hypertenive conditions, Preeclampsia S& S - ANSWER-Visual disturbances: blurring,
double vision, or spots
Swelling of face or fingers and sacrum
Headaches: severe, frequent, or continuous
Muscular irritability or convulsions
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Where does fertilization occur? - ANSWER-Ampulla of the Fallopian tube
Describe the menstral cycle? - ANSWER-
normal weight gain during pregnancy - ANSWER-underweight: 28-40 lbs
normal: 25-35 lbs
overweight: 15-25 lbs
obese: 11-20 lbs
Goodell sign - ANSWER-softening of the cervical tip
Chadwick's sign - ANSWER-violet-bluish color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix
Hegar sign - ANSWER-softening and compression of the lower uterine segment
ballottment - ANSWER-passive movement of the unengaged fetus
cardiovascular changes in pregnancy - ANSWER-cardiac output increases 30-50%
blood volume increases 30-45%
HR increases 10-15 bpm
more clotting factors
slight cardiac hypertrophy
murmurs more common
respiratory changes - ANSWER-maternal oxygen needs increase
increased tidal volume
increased oxygen consumption
diaphragm elevates, total lung capacity decreases in the third trimester
renal changes - ANSWER-filtration rate increases because of pregnancy hormones,
increased blood volume, and increased metabolic demands
pressure on bladder
reproductive changes - ANSWER-thickening of vaginal mucosa, chadwick's sign,
leukorrhea
breast tenderness, colostrum and discharge, increased pigmentation
enlarged montgomery's glands
uterus increases in size and changes shape and position, hegar's sign
,Naegele's rule - ANSWER-Way of determining gestational age: determine first day of
LMP, count 3 months back, add 7 days
Parity - ANSWER-number of pregnancies that reach 20 weeks- born alive, stillborn, or
abortion
Gravita - ANSWER-Number of pregnancies
placenta structure - ANSWER-Mom's blood goes through the endometrial artery to the
intervillous space, through the umbilical vein to the baby
Baby's blood goes through the umbilical arteries to the intervillous space, through the
endometrial vein to mom
when is the placenta fully functional? - ANSWER-7-10 weeks
Structures of female reproductive system - ANSWER-
1st trimester discomforts - ANSWER-Breast changes (enlargement, pain, tingling,
tenderness); Urination- urgency, frequency; Languor & malaise; fatigue; N/V- morning
sickness; Ptyalism (excessive salivation); Gingivitis and epulis; Nasal stuffiness,
epistaxis; Leukorrhea; Psychosocial dynamics ( mood swings, mixed feelings)
Morning sickness - ANSWER-50-75% of pregnant women
Starts between 1st and 2nd missed period and lasts until about the fourth missed
period.
Can occur any time of day
Fathers may also have symptoms
2nd trimester discomforts - ANSWER-Pigmentation deepens, acne, oily skin; Spider
nevi (angiomas); Palmar erythema; Pruritis (noninflammatory); Palpitations; Supine
hypotension; Faintness, syncope (rare)- orthostatic hypotension; Food cravings;
heartburn; constipation; Flatulence with bloating and belching; varicose veins;
Leukorrhea; headaches (to wk. 26); Carpal tunnel syndrome; periodic
numbness/tingling of fingers; round ligament pain; joint pain, backache, pelvic pressure;
joint hypermobility
3rd trimester discomforts - ANSWER-Shortness of breath, dyspnea; Insomnia;
psychosocial responses; gingivitis & epulis; urinary frequency and urgency return;
perineal discomfort/ pressure; leg cramps; non-pitting ankle edema;
Infection S&S - ANSWER-Chills/ fever; burning upon urinating; diarrhea
Hyperemesis gravidarum S&S - ANSWER-Severe vomiting
Miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy S&S - ANSWER-Abdominal cramping; vaginal bleeding
, Hypertension, preeclampsia, hyperemesis gravidarum - ANSWER-Persistent severe
vominting
Premature rupture of membranes S&S - ANSWER-Sudden discharge of fluid from
vagina before 37 weeks
Miscarriage, placenta previa; abruptio placentae S&S - ANSWER-Vaginal bleeding;
severe abdominal pain
Kidney infection or kidney stones; preterm labor S&S - ANSWER-Severe backache or
flank pain
Fetal jeopardy or intrauterine fetal death S&S - ANSWER-Change in fetal movement;
absence of fetal movements after quickening; any unusual change in pattern or amount
Preterm labor S&S - ANSWER-Uterine contractions, pressure, cramping before 37
weeks
Diagnostic testing - ANSWER-3 hour GTT
Amniocentesis or CVS (Chorionic villus sampling)
amniocentesis, nonstress test (NST), biophysical profile (BPP), and ultrasound
examination
Nuchael translucency
Celphry DNA
Hypertensive conditions, preeclampsia, abruptio placentae S&S - ANSWER-Epigastric
or abdominal pain (perceived as severe stomach ache)
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus S&S - ANSWER-Glycosuria
positive glucose tolerance test reaction
What is a biophysical profile? - ANSWER-noninvasive dynamic assessment of a fetus
that is based on acute and chronic markers of fetal disease
BPP includes AFV, FBMs, fetal movements, and fetal tone determined by ultrasound
and fetal heart rate (FHR)
1. fetal breathing movements
2. fetal movements
3. fetal tone
4. amniotic fluid index
5. non stress test (want nonreactive)
Hypertenive conditions, Preeclampsia S& S - ANSWER-Visual disturbances: blurring,
double vision, or spots
Swelling of face or fingers and sacrum
Headaches: severe, frequent, or continuous
Muscular irritability or convulsions
