SKI PATROL UPDATED TEST EXAM MANUAL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔FACTUAL OEC - ✔✔facts, accurate, complete, terms, unbiased, avoid slang,
legible, organized, error free, checked
✔✔Mandated reporter - ✔✔required to report to authorities certain injuries as abuse,
domestic violence, assault, gunshots, stabs, animal bites, deaths
✔✔Chapter 9 (Airway Management) - ✔✔
✔✔airway anatomy - ✔✔nasopharynx (nose), oropharynx (mouth), then
laryngopharynx, epiglottis, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
✔✔opening - ✔✔head tilt chin lift and jaw thrust
✔✔cross finger technique - ✔✔
✔✔cleaning - ✔✔1. gravity, 2. fingersweep, 3. suction
✔✔adjuncts - ✔✔nasopharyngeal airway (NPA), oropharyngeal airway (OPA), semi-
responsive and intact gag reflex vs unresponsive and no gag, size, inset, check
✔✔face shield - ✔✔rectangular plastic, seal over lips and nose
✔✔pocket mask - ✔✔soft plastic, better seal and protection
✔✔nasal cannula - ✔✔4-6 LPM
✔✔non rebreather - ✔✔12-15 LPM inflate bag
✔✔bag valve mask - ✔✔15 LPM, 2 sec in, 2 sec out
✔✔use of oxygen - ✔✔cardiac/respiratory arrest, stroke, blood loss, shock, decreased
LOR
✔✔gastric distension - ✔✔inflation of stomach with air, can lead to vomiting
✔✔Chapter 10 (Shock) - ✔✔
✔✔resistance blood vessels - ✔✔artery whose walls contain muscle cells, can contract
and dilate to redistribute blood flow
✔✔erythrocyles - ✔✔red blood cells
,✔✔hemoglobin - ✔✔oxygen carrying protein
✔✔platelets - ✔✔aid clots
✔✔hypo perfusion (shock) - ✔✔inadequate distribution of blood to tissues
✔✔compensated shock - ✔✔first stage of shock, tachycardia and tachypnea, cool skin,
AMS, delayed cap refill, normal blood pressure
✔✔tachycardia - ✔✔bpm over 100
✔✔tachypnea - ✔✔rpm over 20, cool skin
✔✔decompensated shock - ✔✔cellular hypoxia worsens, almost no cap refill, cyanosis,
increased breathing + heart rate, systolic blood pressure falls
✔✔irreversible shock - ✔✔cannot be corrected, cells begin to die, results in death
✔✔hypovolemic shock - ✔✔decrease in blood volume due to 1. blood loss, 2. decrease
in internal water
✔✔Blood loss - ✔✔I. less than 15%, II. 15-30%, III. 30-40%, IV. 40%+ (which is 0.75 L,
1.5 L, 2 L, 2+ L)
✔✔cardiogenic shock - ✔✔heart cannot adequately pump
✔✔distributive shock - ✔✔blood vessels lose ability to constrict 1. septic, severe
infection, 2. anaphylactic, severe allergic reaction (vasodilation), 3. neurogenic,
disruption of CNS
✔✔occult - ✔✔hidden, as in internal bleeding for hypovolemic
✔✔obstructive shock - ✔✔blockage prevents blood from reaching organs, 1. tension
pneumothorax, air gets into pleural space, compresses heart, 2. pericardial tampenade,
fluid accumulates in pericardium, right side of heart collapses, 3. pulmonary embolism,
blood clot (thrombus) blocks pulmonary artery
✔✔shock factors - ✔✔children decompensate quickly, anticoagulants prolong bleeding,
illness, drugs
✔✔shock management - ✔✔ABCDs, oxygen, CPR, head below feet, keep warm,
transport
, ✔✔Chapter 11 (Altered Mental Status) - ✔✔
✔✔Insulin - ✔✔hormone produced in pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels
✔✔glucagon - ✔✔hormone that stimulates breakdown of glycogen in liver
✔✔glycogen - ✔✔stored form of glucose that is produced by body and stored in liver
✔✔delirium - ✔✔state of mental confusion / excitement characterized by disorientation
to time/place
✔✔AEIOU - TIPS - ✔✔A: Alcohol/Acidosis, E: Epilepsy/Environment/Electrolytes, I:
Insulin, O: Oxygen/overdose, U: Uremia, T: Trauma/tumors, I:Infection, P:
poisoning/psychiatric conditions, S: seizure/stroke/syncope
✔✔partial seizures - ✔✔originates in one side of brain, jerking/grunting, repetitive
actions, blurred
✔✔generalized seizures - ✔✔1) absence, sudden loss of awareness for a few minutes,
2) grand-mal, muscle tensing and contracting, 3) tonic activity, general stiffening, 4)
clonic activity, spasmodic jerking of muscles
✔✔pre ictal - ✔✔before seizure, aura that is premunition (hallucination, auditory/visual)
✔✔octal phase - ✔✔begins with tonic, then clonic
✔✔post ictal - ✔✔minimally responsive to pain/voices, limp, release bowels
✔✔type 1 diabetes - ✔✔autoimmune disease that destroys insulin producing cells
✔✔type 2 diabetes - ✔✔cells become less receptive to insulin (gestational - onset
during pregnancy)
✔✔hypoglycemia - ✔✔90 mm/L, insufficient amount of sugar in blood, tremors,
drowsiness, headache
✔✔hyperglycemia - ✔✔180 mm/L, high blood sugar, coma, brain damage, death
✔✔stroke - ✔✔brain impairment from lack of blood flow
✔✔hemorhaggic - ✔✔blood vessel in brain ruptures, releasing blood, increases
pressure + no O2
✔✔ischemic - ✔✔disruption blood flow caused by clot (embolus)
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔FACTUAL OEC - ✔✔facts, accurate, complete, terms, unbiased, avoid slang,
legible, organized, error free, checked
✔✔Mandated reporter - ✔✔required to report to authorities certain injuries as abuse,
domestic violence, assault, gunshots, stabs, animal bites, deaths
✔✔Chapter 9 (Airway Management) - ✔✔
✔✔airway anatomy - ✔✔nasopharynx (nose), oropharynx (mouth), then
laryngopharynx, epiglottis, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
✔✔opening - ✔✔head tilt chin lift and jaw thrust
✔✔cross finger technique - ✔✔
✔✔cleaning - ✔✔1. gravity, 2. fingersweep, 3. suction
✔✔adjuncts - ✔✔nasopharyngeal airway (NPA), oropharyngeal airway (OPA), semi-
responsive and intact gag reflex vs unresponsive and no gag, size, inset, check
✔✔face shield - ✔✔rectangular plastic, seal over lips and nose
✔✔pocket mask - ✔✔soft plastic, better seal and protection
✔✔nasal cannula - ✔✔4-6 LPM
✔✔non rebreather - ✔✔12-15 LPM inflate bag
✔✔bag valve mask - ✔✔15 LPM, 2 sec in, 2 sec out
✔✔use of oxygen - ✔✔cardiac/respiratory arrest, stroke, blood loss, shock, decreased
LOR
✔✔gastric distension - ✔✔inflation of stomach with air, can lead to vomiting
✔✔Chapter 10 (Shock) - ✔✔
✔✔resistance blood vessels - ✔✔artery whose walls contain muscle cells, can contract
and dilate to redistribute blood flow
✔✔erythrocyles - ✔✔red blood cells
,✔✔hemoglobin - ✔✔oxygen carrying protein
✔✔platelets - ✔✔aid clots
✔✔hypo perfusion (shock) - ✔✔inadequate distribution of blood to tissues
✔✔compensated shock - ✔✔first stage of shock, tachycardia and tachypnea, cool skin,
AMS, delayed cap refill, normal blood pressure
✔✔tachycardia - ✔✔bpm over 100
✔✔tachypnea - ✔✔rpm over 20, cool skin
✔✔decompensated shock - ✔✔cellular hypoxia worsens, almost no cap refill, cyanosis,
increased breathing + heart rate, systolic blood pressure falls
✔✔irreversible shock - ✔✔cannot be corrected, cells begin to die, results in death
✔✔hypovolemic shock - ✔✔decrease in blood volume due to 1. blood loss, 2. decrease
in internal water
✔✔Blood loss - ✔✔I. less than 15%, II. 15-30%, III. 30-40%, IV. 40%+ (which is 0.75 L,
1.5 L, 2 L, 2+ L)
✔✔cardiogenic shock - ✔✔heart cannot adequately pump
✔✔distributive shock - ✔✔blood vessels lose ability to constrict 1. septic, severe
infection, 2. anaphylactic, severe allergic reaction (vasodilation), 3. neurogenic,
disruption of CNS
✔✔occult - ✔✔hidden, as in internal bleeding for hypovolemic
✔✔obstructive shock - ✔✔blockage prevents blood from reaching organs, 1. tension
pneumothorax, air gets into pleural space, compresses heart, 2. pericardial tampenade,
fluid accumulates in pericardium, right side of heart collapses, 3. pulmonary embolism,
blood clot (thrombus) blocks pulmonary artery
✔✔shock factors - ✔✔children decompensate quickly, anticoagulants prolong bleeding,
illness, drugs
✔✔shock management - ✔✔ABCDs, oxygen, CPR, head below feet, keep warm,
transport
, ✔✔Chapter 11 (Altered Mental Status) - ✔✔
✔✔Insulin - ✔✔hormone produced in pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels
✔✔glucagon - ✔✔hormone that stimulates breakdown of glycogen in liver
✔✔glycogen - ✔✔stored form of glucose that is produced by body and stored in liver
✔✔delirium - ✔✔state of mental confusion / excitement characterized by disorientation
to time/place
✔✔AEIOU - TIPS - ✔✔A: Alcohol/Acidosis, E: Epilepsy/Environment/Electrolytes, I:
Insulin, O: Oxygen/overdose, U: Uremia, T: Trauma/tumors, I:Infection, P:
poisoning/psychiatric conditions, S: seizure/stroke/syncope
✔✔partial seizures - ✔✔originates in one side of brain, jerking/grunting, repetitive
actions, blurred
✔✔generalized seizures - ✔✔1) absence, sudden loss of awareness for a few minutes,
2) grand-mal, muscle tensing and contracting, 3) tonic activity, general stiffening, 4)
clonic activity, spasmodic jerking of muscles
✔✔pre ictal - ✔✔before seizure, aura that is premunition (hallucination, auditory/visual)
✔✔octal phase - ✔✔begins with tonic, then clonic
✔✔post ictal - ✔✔minimally responsive to pain/voices, limp, release bowels
✔✔type 1 diabetes - ✔✔autoimmune disease that destroys insulin producing cells
✔✔type 2 diabetes - ✔✔cells become less receptive to insulin (gestational - onset
during pregnancy)
✔✔hypoglycemia - ✔✔90 mm/L, insufficient amount of sugar in blood, tremors,
drowsiness, headache
✔✔hyperglycemia - ✔✔180 mm/L, high blood sugar, coma, brain damage, death
✔✔stroke - ✔✔brain impairment from lack of blood flow
✔✔hemorhaggic - ✔✔blood vessel in brain ruptures, releasing blood, increases
pressure + no O2
✔✔ischemic - ✔✔disruption blood flow caused by clot (embolus)
