OEC UPDATED SCRIPTED EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔breathing - ✔✔the process of inhaling air into and exhaling air out of the lungs
✔✔bronchi (singular: bronchus) - ✔✔the two (left and right) large airways that branch off
the trachea and enter the lungs
✔✔bronchodilator - ✔✔an agent that causes expansion of the air passages within the
lungs
✔✔bronchospasm - ✔✔the involuntary contraction of the bronchioles
✔✔bucket - ✔✔the seat of a sit-ski, which may have one or two skis mounted to the
base of the seat
✔✔bullae - ✔✔large blisters containing clear or bloody fluid
✔✔burn - ✔✔a lesion of the skin caused by thermal or frictional heat, chemicals,
electricity, or nuclear radiation
✔✔callus - ✔✔material at a fracture site that forms a hematoma and later becomes
bone
✔✔capacity - ✔✔indicates that patient has normal decision-making abilities and whose
judgement is not imparied
✔✔cardiac arrest - ✔✔cessation of a functional heartbeat
✔✔cardiac contractility - ✔✔the capacity of cardiac muscle cells for becoming shorter
(contracting) in response to a suitable stimulus
✔✔cardiac muscle - ✔✔specialized muscle of the heart that contracts regularly without
stopping
✔✔cardiac output - ✔✔the volume of blood pumped out of the heart each minute
✔✔cardiogenic shock - ✔✔a condition whereby body tissues are oxygen deprived due
to the heart's inability to adequately pump blood; may follow a large acute myocardial
infarction
✔✔cardiopulmonary resuscitation - ✔✔a procedure to revive a patient who is pulseless
and not breathing
,✔✔cardiovascular - ✔✔pertaining to the circulatory system, which is composed of the
heart (cardio) and the blood vessels (vascular)
✔✔cardioversion - ✔✔the restoration of a normal rhythm of the heart by electrical shock
✔✔carry - ✔✔the act of taking or supporting the movement of a person from one
location to another
✔✔cartilage - ✔✔a tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the
body, including the joints, outer ear, and end of the nose
✔✔cataract - ✔✔clouding of the lens of the eye due to pathological changes making the
lens of the eye opaque
✔✔caustic substance - ✔✔an agent capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating
away by chemical action; is destructive to tissues
✔✔CBRNE - ✔✔a mnemonic for the common types of human-caused disasters;
represents chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive
✔✔cell - ✔✔the basic unit of all living tissue
✔✔cellular hypoxia - ✔✔insufficient levels of oxygen in tissues
✔✔central nervous system (CNS) - ✔✔the part of the nervous system that includes the
brain and spinal cord
✔✔cerebellum - ✔✔posterior part of the brain that plays an important role in the
integration of sensory perception and motor control, especially for coordination
✔✔cerebral - ✔✔pertaining to the cerebellum, the largest part of the brain
✔✔cerebral palsy (CP) - ✔✔a brain injury before, during, or shortly following birth that
results in a non-progressive, non-contagious muscular motor disorder
✔✔cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - ✔✔serum-like fluid that functions in shock absorption for
central nervous system structures; circulates through passages within the brain and
within the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord
✔✔cerebrum - ✔✔region on the top of the brain that integrates sensory perception and
motor control and is involved in attention and the processing of language, music, and
other sensory stimuli
,✔✔chain of custody (chain of evidence) - ✔✔the path that objects of evidence (such as
bullets, knives, or clinical specimens) must take if they are to be legally accepted as
evidence in court; includes formal documentation that establishes both the continuity of
possession by every person that had custody of the evidence and the integrity of the
evidence collected
✔✔chair carry - ✔✔a method in which two rescuers form a chair with their arms to move
a patient who is able to sit up without assistance
✔✔channel - ✔✔a band of radio frequencies assigned for a particular purpose; a course
or pathway through which information is transmitted; a passageway or groove that
conveys fluid
✔✔Charles Minot "Minnie" Dole - ✔✔the founder and creator of the National Ski Patrol
✔✔chemical burn - ✔✔a burn caused by a caustic substance, such as an acid or a
base
✔✔chief complaint - ✔✔the symptom of group of symptoms about which the patient is
concerned
✔✔chilblains - ✔✔a skin condition resembling frost nip that results from prolonged
exposure to cold, wet conditions
✔✔child abuse - ✔✔any act or failure to act on the part of a parent, caregiver, or any
adult that results in serious physical or emotional harm or imminent risk of harm to a
child
✔✔child neglect - ✔✔a failure to act on the part of a parent, a caregiver, or other
responsible adult to provide for the physical, emotional, educational, safety, or social
needs of a child to the extent that emotional, development, or physical harm may occur
✔✔chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - ✔✔a condition in which the airways
and alveoli become damaged, typically by long-term smoke exposure; its two most
important forms are chronic bronchitis and chronic emphysema
✔✔Cincinnati Stroke Scale - ✔✔a system that assesses a patient using three specific
criteria on examination that may indicate that a patient is having a stroke; even one
abnormal finding indicates the need for immediate transport to a hospital
✔✔circulatory system - ✔✔a group of organs and other structures that transport blood
and other nutrients throughout the body
, ✔✔cirrhosis - ✔✔a chronic disease of the liver characterized by the loss of functional
liver cells and their replacement by fibrous tissue; can result from alcohol abuse,
nutritional deprivation or infection (especially by hepatitis viruses)
✔✔clinical findings (clinical signs) - ✔✔observations made during the assessment of a
patient
✔✔clinical picture - ✔✔the chief features of a patient's symptoms and clinical findings
✔✔clonic activity - ✔✔the spasmodic jerking of muscles during a seizure
✔✔closed chest injury - ✔✔a chest injury without penetration of the chest cavity
✔✔closed injury - ✔✔damage beneath the skin or a mucous membrane from trauma
while the overlying skin remains intact
✔✔cognitive disability - ✔✔an impairment of brain function that limits the ability to
process information
✔✔cold zone - ✔✔the area outside the warm zone, in which it is safe to operate without
specialized equipment
✔✔coma - ✔✔an abnormal loss of responsiveness during which the patient cannot be
aroused by external stimuli
✔✔commotio cordis - ✔✔sudden cardiac death due to blunt thoracic trauma without any
observable thoracic or cardiac damage
✔✔communicable disease - ✔✔a disease that can be transmitted from one person to
another
✔✔communication - ✔✔a process by which a message is transmitted from one person
to another
✔✔comorbidity - ✔✔the simultaneous presence of additional, unrelated pathologic
condition(s) or diseases
✔✔comparative negligence - ✔✔a partial legal defense that reduces the amount of
damage a plaintiff can recover in a negligence-based claim based upon the degree to
which the plaintiff's own negligence contributed to causing the damages; a modification
of the doctrine of contributory negligence, which disallows any recovery by a plaintiff
whose negligence contributed, even minimally, to causing the damages
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔breathing - ✔✔the process of inhaling air into and exhaling air out of the lungs
✔✔bronchi (singular: bronchus) - ✔✔the two (left and right) large airways that branch off
the trachea and enter the lungs
✔✔bronchodilator - ✔✔an agent that causes expansion of the air passages within the
lungs
✔✔bronchospasm - ✔✔the involuntary contraction of the bronchioles
✔✔bucket - ✔✔the seat of a sit-ski, which may have one or two skis mounted to the
base of the seat
✔✔bullae - ✔✔large blisters containing clear or bloody fluid
✔✔burn - ✔✔a lesion of the skin caused by thermal or frictional heat, chemicals,
electricity, or nuclear radiation
✔✔callus - ✔✔material at a fracture site that forms a hematoma and later becomes
bone
✔✔capacity - ✔✔indicates that patient has normal decision-making abilities and whose
judgement is not imparied
✔✔cardiac arrest - ✔✔cessation of a functional heartbeat
✔✔cardiac contractility - ✔✔the capacity of cardiac muscle cells for becoming shorter
(contracting) in response to a suitable stimulus
✔✔cardiac muscle - ✔✔specialized muscle of the heart that contracts regularly without
stopping
✔✔cardiac output - ✔✔the volume of blood pumped out of the heart each minute
✔✔cardiogenic shock - ✔✔a condition whereby body tissues are oxygen deprived due
to the heart's inability to adequately pump blood; may follow a large acute myocardial
infarction
✔✔cardiopulmonary resuscitation - ✔✔a procedure to revive a patient who is pulseless
and not breathing
,✔✔cardiovascular - ✔✔pertaining to the circulatory system, which is composed of the
heart (cardio) and the blood vessels (vascular)
✔✔cardioversion - ✔✔the restoration of a normal rhythm of the heart by electrical shock
✔✔carry - ✔✔the act of taking or supporting the movement of a person from one
location to another
✔✔cartilage - ✔✔a tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the
body, including the joints, outer ear, and end of the nose
✔✔cataract - ✔✔clouding of the lens of the eye due to pathological changes making the
lens of the eye opaque
✔✔caustic substance - ✔✔an agent capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating
away by chemical action; is destructive to tissues
✔✔CBRNE - ✔✔a mnemonic for the common types of human-caused disasters;
represents chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive
✔✔cell - ✔✔the basic unit of all living tissue
✔✔cellular hypoxia - ✔✔insufficient levels of oxygen in tissues
✔✔central nervous system (CNS) - ✔✔the part of the nervous system that includes the
brain and spinal cord
✔✔cerebellum - ✔✔posterior part of the brain that plays an important role in the
integration of sensory perception and motor control, especially for coordination
✔✔cerebral - ✔✔pertaining to the cerebellum, the largest part of the brain
✔✔cerebral palsy (CP) - ✔✔a brain injury before, during, or shortly following birth that
results in a non-progressive, non-contagious muscular motor disorder
✔✔cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - ✔✔serum-like fluid that functions in shock absorption for
central nervous system structures; circulates through passages within the brain and
within the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord
✔✔cerebrum - ✔✔region on the top of the brain that integrates sensory perception and
motor control and is involved in attention and the processing of language, music, and
other sensory stimuli
,✔✔chain of custody (chain of evidence) - ✔✔the path that objects of evidence (such as
bullets, knives, or clinical specimens) must take if they are to be legally accepted as
evidence in court; includes formal documentation that establishes both the continuity of
possession by every person that had custody of the evidence and the integrity of the
evidence collected
✔✔chair carry - ✔✔a method in which two rescuers form a chair with their arms to move
a patient who is able to sit up without assistance
✔✔channel - ✔✔a band of radio frequencies assigned for a particular purpose; a course
or pathway through which information is transmitted; a passageway or groove that
conveys fluid
✔✔Charles Minot "Minnie" Dole - ✔✔the founder and creator of the National Ski Patrol
✔✔chemical burn - ✔✔a burn caused by a caustic substance, such as an acid or a
base
✔✔chief complaint - ✔✔the symptom of group of symptoms about which the patient is
concerned
✔✔chilblains - ✔✔a skin condition resembling frost nip that results from prolonged
exposure to cold, wet conditions
✔✔child abuse - ✔✔any act or failure to act on the part of a parent, caregiver, or any
adult that results in serious physical or emotional harm or imminent risk of harm to a
child
✔✔child neglect - ✔✔a failure to act on the part of a parent, a caregiver, or other
responsible adult to provide for the physical, emotional, educational, safety, or social
needs of a child to the extent that emotional, development, or physical harm may occur
✔✔chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - ✔✔a condition in which the airways
and alveoli become damaged, typically by long-term smoke exposure; its two most
important forms are chronic bronchitis and chronic emphysema
✔✔Cincinnati Stroke Scale - ✔✔a system that assesses a patient using three specific
criteria on examination that may indicate that a patient is having a stroke; even one
abnormal finding indicates the need for immediate transport to a hospital
✔✔circulatory system - ✔✔a group of organs and other structures that transport blood
and other nutrients throughout the body
, ✔✔cirrhosis - ✔✔a chronic disease of the liver characterized by the loss of functional
liver cells and their replacement by fibrous tissue; can result from alcohol abuse,
nutritional deprivation or infection (especially by hepatitis viruses)
✔✔clinical findings (clinical signs) - ✔✔observations made during the assessment of a
patient
✔✔clinical picture - ✔✔the chief features of a patient's symptoms and clinical findings
✔✔clonic activity - ✔✔the spasmodic jerking of muscles during a seizure
✔✔closed chest injury - ✔✔a chest injury without penetration of the chest cavity
✔✔closed injury - ✔✔damage beneath the skin or a mucous membrane from trauma
while the overlying skin remains intact
✔✔cognitive disability - ✔✔an impairment of brain function that limits the ability to
process information
✔✔cold zone - ✔✔the area outside the warm zone, in which it is safe to operate without
specialized equipment
✔✔coma - ✔✔an abnormal loss of responsiveness during which the patient cannot be
aroused by external stimuli
✔✔commotio cordis - ✔✔sudden cardiac death due to blunt thoracic trauma without any
observable thoracic or cardiac damage
✔✔communicable disease - ✔✔a disease that can be transmitted from one person to
another
✔✔communication - ✔✔a process by which a message is transmitted from one person
to another
✔✔comorbidity - ✔✔the simultaneous presence of additional, unrelated pathologic
condition(s) or diseases
✔✔comparative negligence - ✔✔a partial legal defense that reduces the amount of
damage a plaintiff can recover in a negligence-based claim based upon the degree to
which the plaintiff's own negligence contributed to causing the damages; a modification
of the doctrine of contributory negligence, which disallows any recovery by a plaintiff
whose negligence contributed, even minimally, to causing the damages
