NR507/ NR 507 Midterm Exam (Latest 2026/ 2027
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A –
Chamberlain
NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Asthma
Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in the
bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma
coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5)
-airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles
,smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles
innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria
the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria
embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria
white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma
the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages
host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain
columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain
smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do
, control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation
When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing
around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur?
the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial
walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar
-expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma
tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?
These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma
the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds
to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased
airflow
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A –
Chamberlain
NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Asthma
Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory response in the
bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma
coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5)
-airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles
,smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles
innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria
the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria
embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria
white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma
the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response that damages
host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain
columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain
smooth muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do
, control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation
When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing
around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
how does hyperinflation occur?
the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial
walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar
-expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma
tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?
These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma
the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds
to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased
airflow
