NR507/ NR 507 Midterm Exam (Latest 2026/ 2027
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A –
Chamberlain
NR507- Midterm Advanced Patho- cardiac, pulmonary, hematology, renal
Hematopoiesis
blood cell formation
Fetus- liver and spleen
Adult- bone marrow
Anemia
A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Erythropoiesis
formation of red blood cells
In kidney in response to hypoxia
macrocytic normochromic anemia
Large RBC's, normal hemoglobin
Folic acid or Vitamin B12 deficiency
microcytic hypochromic anemia
small, abnormally shaped erythrocytes that are not able to carry normal hemoglobin
Thalassemia- mediterranean
,normocytic normochromic anemia
Characterized by red cells that are relatively normal in size and normal hemoglobin
Aplastic, hemorrhagic, hemolytic, sickle cell
iron deficiency anemia
anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells
Affects children, poverty, child bearing age
Erythrocytes
red blood cells
Most abundant cell in the body
Responsible for tissue oxygenation
Mitotic division- 100-120 days
sickle cell anemia
A genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an abnormal curved or "sickle" shape (Hb-s)
Thalassemia
Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean
background.
pernicious anemia
Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
hemolytic anemia
, Characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature
destruction of red blood cells by the spleen
Pancytopenia- reduction in all 3 types of blood cells (RBC, WBC, Plt)
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow
In response to hypoxia
In the fetus the liver produces this
Hemoglobin
Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells
4 molecules of O2
Made of polypeptide, heme, iron
anemia due to gastrectomy
Iron def anemia is major cause after this
Removal of stomach often leads to marked decrease in production of gastric acid. This acid is
necessary to convert dietary iron to a form that is more readily absorbed by the duodenum
hemolytic anemia causes
Sickle cell disease, ABO or Rh incompatibility, drug induced
Role of macrophages
Innate:
1. Phagocytosis
PRR or opsonization w/ complement
Update) Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% Correct |Grade A –
Chamberlain
NR507- Midterm Advanced Patho- cardiac, pulmonary, hematology, renal
Hematopoiesis
blood cell formation
Fetus- liver and spleen
Adult- bone marrow
Anemia
A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Erythropoiesis
formation of red blood cells
In kidney in response to hypoxia
macrocytic normochromic anemia
Large RBC's, normal hemoglobin
Folic acid or Vitamin B12 deficiency
microcytic hypochromic anemia
small, abnormally shaped erythrocytes that are not able to carry normal hemoglobin
Thalassemia- mediterranean
,normocytic normochromic anemia
Characterized by red cells that are relatively normal in size and normal hemoglobin
Aplastic, hemorrhagic, hemolytic, sickle cell
iron deficiency anemia
anemia resulting when there is not enough iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells
Affects children, poverty, child bearing age
Erythrocytes
red blood cells
Most abundant cell in the body
Responsible for tissue oxygenation
Mitotic division- 100-120 days
sickle cell anemia
A genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an abnormal curved or "sickle" shape (Hb-s)
Thalassemia
Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean
background.
pernicious anemia
Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
hemolytic anemia
, Characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature
destruction of red blood cells by the spleen
Pancytopenia- reduction in all 3 types of blood cells (RBC, WBC, Plt)
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow
In response to hypoxia
In the fetus the liver produces this
Hemoglobin
Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells
4 molecules of O2
Made of polypeptide, heme, iron
anemia due to gastrectomy
Iron def anemia is major cause after this
Removal of stomach often leads to marked decrease in production of gastric acid. This acid is
necessary to convert dietary iron to a form that is more readily absorbed by the duodenum
hemolytic anemia causes
Sickle cell disease, ABO or Rh incompatibility, drug induced
Role of macrophages
Innate:
1. Phagocytosis
PRR or opsonization w/ complement
