Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
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Banasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE WQ
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic
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Streptococcus and subsequently developeda pha
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ryngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals
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an oral temperature of 102.3F, skin rash, dyspha
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gia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple p
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ustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, an
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d joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for
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Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescri WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
bed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
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a. a sore throat. WQ WQ
b. streptococcal infection. WQ
c. genetic susceptibility. WQ
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B W Q
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat
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is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tenden
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cy to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinic
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al manifestation of the disease process.
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2. A 17-year-old college-
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bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an
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example of
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a. primary prevention. WQ
b. secondary prevention. WQ
c. tertiary prevention. WQ
d. disease treatment. WQ
ANS: A W Q
, Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
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for susceptible individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early dete
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ction, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitativ
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e and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.
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Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
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3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
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calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. WQ
b. secondary prevention. WQ
c. tertiary prevention. WQ
d. disease treatment. WQ
ANS: B W Q
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
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as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity.
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Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure f
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or susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care a
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nd attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment invol
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ves management of the disease once it has developed.
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodiu
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m intake. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. WQ
b. secondary prevention. WQ
c. tertiary prevention. WQ
d. disease treatment. WQ
ANS: B W Q
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such
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as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevent
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ion of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. T
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ertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
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bility and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the dise
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ase once it has developed.
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5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
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lowering medication. This is an example of WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
a. primary prevention. WQ
b. secondary prevention. WQ
c. tertiary prevention. WQ
d. disease treatment. WQ
ANS: C W Q
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
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bility and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
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medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering s
No R
usceptibility or reducing e x pU s uI
SrG
eB .C
fN
o r sT
usceptibOle individuals. Secondary prevention is the
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early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves manag
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ement of the disease once it has developed.
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6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs
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of this disease. This stage of illness is called the
WQ WQ WQ stage. WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
, a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B W Q
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the
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first appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
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incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and sympt
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
oms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malai
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
se, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases.
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is
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the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
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7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
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a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS: B W Q
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease t
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hat spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large
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geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. WQ WQ WQ WQ
8. In general, with aging, organ size and function
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a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. WQ WQ
d. are unknown. WQ
ANS: B W Q
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
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9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are
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well established, is referred to as
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a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B W Q
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are
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well established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to
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an injurious agent and the fN
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irU apSpI
eaNraGnT
ceBo.
fCsigOnM
s and symptoms may be called a latent
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period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or
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prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
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WQdisease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation
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.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE WQ
1. Your patient’s red blood cell is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by (Select
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all that apply.)
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a. gender difference. WQ
, b. situational factors. WQ
c. normal variation. WQ
d. cultural variation. WQ
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E W Q WQ WQ WQ
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood
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cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
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2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
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a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. WQ
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
ANS: B, C, D, E W Q WQ WQ WQ
Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to environmental toxins (
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occupational) and overcrowding, nutrition (over- WQ WQ WQ WQ
or undernutrition), and hygiene (e.g., in developing countries). Genetics is not influenced b
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y socioeconomic factors.
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TRUE/FALSE
1. When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic
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ANS: T
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Many diseases are idiopathic in nature.
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2. The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must
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understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a co
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ndition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity.
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ANS: T W Q
The sensitivity of any test refers to the probability that the test will be positive when applied
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to a person with the condition and will not provide a false negative result. In contrast, spe
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cificity is the probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person who does no
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t have a given condition.
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NURSINGTB.COM
Chapter 02: Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to
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StressorsBanasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition WQ WQ WQ
MULTIPLE CHOICE WQ
1. Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except
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a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increased peripheral resistance. WQ WQ
d. pupil constriction. WQ
ANS: D W Q
Pupils dilate during stress from the effects of catecholamines. Tachycardia, diaphoresis, and
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WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
WQ WQ WQ
MULTIPLE CHOICE WQ
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
Streptococcus and subsequently developeda pha
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
ryngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals
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an oral temperature of 102.3F, skin rash, dyspha
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gia, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple p
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ustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, an
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d joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for
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Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescri WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
bed. The etiology of C.Q.’s disease is
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ W Q
a. a sore throat. WQ WQ
b. streptococcal infection. WQ
c. genetic susceptibility. WQ
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B W Q
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat
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is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited tenden
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cy to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a clinic
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al manifestation of the disease process.
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
2. A 17-year-old college-
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bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ W
example of
Q WQ
a. primary prevention. WQ
b. secondary prevention. WQ
c. tertiary prevention. WQ
d. disease treatment. WQ
ANS: A W Q
, Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
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for susceptible individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early dete
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ction, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitativ
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
e and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning.
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
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3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. WQ
b. secondary prevention. WQ
c. tertiary prevention. WQ
d. disease treatment. WQ
ANS: B W Q
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
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as prescribing diet and exercise for an individual who has already developed obesity.
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Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure f
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or susceptible individuals. Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care a
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nd attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment invol
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ves management of the disease once it has developed.
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4. A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodiu
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
m intake. This is an example of
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a. primary prevention. WQ
b. secondary prevention. WQ
c. tertiary prevention. WQ
d. disease treatment. WQ
ANS: B W Q
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease, such
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as by prescribing sodium restriction for high blood pressure. Primary prevention is prevent
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
ion of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. T
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ertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
bility and restore effective functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the dise
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ase once it has developed.
WQ WQ WQ WQ
5. After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
lowering medication. This is an example of WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
a. primary prevention. WQ
b. secondary prevention. WQ
c. tertiary prevention. WQ
d. disease treatment. WQ
ANS: C W Q
Tertiary prevention includes rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disa
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bility and restore effective functioning such as prescribing a cholesterol-lowering
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
medication following a heart attack. Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering s
No R
usceptibility or reducing e x pU s uI
SrG
eB .C
fN
o r sT
usceptibOle individuals. Secondary prevention is the
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early detection, screening, and management of the disease. Disease treatment involves manag
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ement of the disease once it has developed.
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6. A patient has been exposed to meningococcal meningitis, but is not yet demonstrating signs
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of this disease. This stage of illness is called the
WQ WQ WQ stage. WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
, a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: B W Q
Incubation refers to the interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the
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first appearance of signs and symptoms. In infectious diseases, this period is often called the
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incubation (latent) period. Prodromal refers to the appearance of the first signs and sympt
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
oms indicating the onset of a disease. These are often nonspecific, such as headache, malai
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
se, anorexia, and nausea, which are associated with a number of different diseases.
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
Sequela refers to subsequent pathologic condition resulting from a disease. Convalescence is
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
7. A disease that is native to a particular region is called
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a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS: B W Q
A disease that is native to a particular region is called endemic. An epidemic is a disease t
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
hat spreads to many individuals at the same time. Pandemics are epidemics that affect large
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geographic regions, perhaps spreading worldwide. WQ WQ WQ WQ
8. In general, with aging, organ size and function
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a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same. WQ WQ
d. are unknown. WQ
ANS: B W Q
In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.
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9. The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are
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well established, is referred to as
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a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: B W Q
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
well established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ W
an injurious agent and the fN
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irU apSpI
eaNraGnT
ceBo.
fCsigOnM
s and symptoms may be called a latent
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period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a
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WQdisease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation
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.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE WQ
1. Your patient’s red blood cell is slightly elevated today. This might be explained by (Select
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all that apply.)
WQ WQ WQ
a. gender difference. WQ
, b. situational factors. WQ
c. normal variation. WQ
d. cultural variation. WQ
e. illness.
ANS: A, B, C, E W Q WQ WQ WQ
Gender, situations (e.g., altitude), normal variations, and illness may all determine red blood
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
cell count. Culture affects how manifestations are perceived (normal versus abnormal).
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
2. Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (Select all that apply.)
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
a. genetics.
b. environmental toxins. WQ
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
ANS: B, C, D, E W Q WQ WQ WQ
Socioeconomic factors influence disease development via exposure to environmental toxins (
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occupational) and overcrowding, nutrition (over- WQ WQ WQ WQ
or undernutrition), and hygiene (e.g., in developing countries). Genetics is not influenced b
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y socioeconomic factors.
WQ WQ
TRUE/FALSE
1. When the cause is unknown, a condition is said to be idiopathic
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
ANS: T
WQ W Q
Many diseases are idiopathic in nature.
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
2. The nurse is swabbing a patient’s throat to test for streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse must
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
understand that tests such as this differ in the probability that they will be positive for a co
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
ndition when applied to a person with the condition; this probability is termed sensitivity.
WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ WQ
ANS: T W Q
The sensitivity of any test refers to the probability that the test will be positive when applied
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to a person with the condition and will not provide a false negative result. In contrast, spe
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cificity is the probability that a test will be negative when applied to a person who does no
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t have a given condition.
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NURSINGTB.COM
Chapter 02: Homeostasis, Allostasis, and Adaptive Responses to
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StressorsBanasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition WQ WQ WQ
MULTIPLE CHOICE WQ
1. Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except
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a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increased peripheral resistance. WQ WQ
d. pupil constriction. WQ
ANS: D W Q
Pupils dilate during stress from the effects of catecholamines. Tachycardia, diaphoresis, and
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