Walden University – Advanced
Medical-Surgical & Critical Care
Nursing Comprehensive Examination
(2026 Edition) |Fully Verified A+ Question Bank|
1. The term “pink puffer” refers to the client with
which of the following symptoms? a. ARDS
b. Asthma
c. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
d. Emphysema.
ANSWER: D. Emphysema
Because of the large amount of energy it takes to breathe,
clients with emphysema are usually cachectic.
They’re pink and usually breathe through pursed lips, hence the
term “puffer”.
2. The underlying pathophysiology of COPD is:
a. inflamed airways that obstruct airflow.
b. mucus secretions that block airways
,c. overinflated alveoli that impair gas exchange.
d. characterized by variations of all of the above.
ANSWER: D. Characterized by variations in all of the above.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic
inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from
the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus
(sputum) production and wheezing.
3. The abnormal inflammatory response in the
lungs occurs primarily in the: a. airways.
b. parenchyma.
c. pulmonary vasculature.
d. areas identified in all of the above.
ANSWER: D. Areas identified in all of the above.
An inflammatory response occurs throughout the proximal and
peripheral airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary
vasculature.
4. Two diseases common to the etiology of COPD are:
a. asthma and atelectasis.
b. chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
c. pneumonia and pleurisy.
,d. tuberculosis and pleural effusions.
ANSWER: B. Chronic bronchitis and Emphysema
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, commonly referred
to as COPD, is a group of progressive lung diseases. The most
common of these diseases are emphysema and chronic
bronchitis.
5. The term “blue bloater” refers to which of the following
conditions?
a. adult respiratory distress syndrome
b. asthma
c. chronic obstructive bronchitis
d. emphysema
ANSWER: C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
Clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis appear bloated; they
have large barrel chest and peripheral edema, cyanotic nail
beds, and at times, circumoral cyanosis.
6. The most important environmental risk
factor for emphysema is: a. air pollution.
b. allergens.
c. infectious agents.
, d. cigarette smoking.
ANSWER: D. Cigarette Smoking
Smoking is the biggest risk factor for chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes chronic bronchitis
and emphysema.
7. A 66-year-old client has marked dyspnea at rest, is thin and
uses accessory muscles to breathe. He is tachypneic, with a
prolonged expiration phase. He has no cough. He leans forward
with his arms braced on his knees to support his chest and
shoulder for breathing. This client has symptoms of which of
the following respiratory disorder?
a. ARDS
b. Asthma
c. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
d. Emphysema.
ANSWER: D. Emphysema
These are classic signs and symptoms of emphysema.
8. Clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis are given diuretic
therapy. Which of the following reasons explains why?
a. reducing fluid volume reduces oxygen demand
b. reducing fluid volume improves clients’ morbidity
Medical-Surgical & Critical Care
Nursing Comprehensive Examination
(2026 Edition) |Fully Verified A+ Question Bank|
1. The term “pink puffer” refers to the client with
which of the following symptoms? a. ARDS
b. Asthma
c. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
d. Emphysema.
ANSWER: D. Emphysema
Because of the large amount of energy it takes to breathe,
clients with emphysema are usually cachectic.
They’re pink and usually breathe through pursed lips, hence the
term “puffer”.
2. The underlying pathophysiology of COPD is:
a. inflamed airways that obstruct airflow.
b. mucus secretions that block airways
,c. overinflated alveoli that impair gas exchange.
d. characterized by variations of all of the above.
ANSWER: D. Characterized by variations in all of the above.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic
inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from
the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus
(sputum) production and wheezing.
3. The abnormal inflammatory response in the
lungs occurs primarily in the: a. airways.
b. parenchyma.
c. pulmonary vasculature.
d. areas identified in all of the above.
ANSWER: D. Areas identified in all of the above.
An inflammatory response occurs throughout the proximal and
peripheral airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary
vasculature.
4. Two diseases common to the etiology of COPD are:
a. asthma and atelectasis.
b. chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
c. pneumonia and pleurisy.
,d. tuberculosis and pleural effusions.
ANSWER: B. Chronic bronchitis and Emphysema
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, commonly referred
to as COPD, is a group of progressive lung diseases. The most
common of these diseases are emphysema and chronic
bronchitis.
5. The term “blue bloater” refers to which of the following
conditions?
a. adult respiratory distress syndrome
b. asthma
c. chronic obstructive bronchitis
d. emphysema
ANSWER: C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
Clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis appear bloated; they
have large barrel chest and peripheral edema, cyanotic nail
beds, and at times, circumoral cyanosis.
6. The most important environmental risk
factor for emphysema is: a. air pollution.
b. allergens.
c. infectious agents.
, d. cigarette smoking.
ANSWER: D. Cigarette Smoking
Smoking is the biggest risk factor for chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes chronic bronchitis
and emphysema.
7. A 66-year-old client has marked dyspnea at rest, is thin and
uses accessory muscles to breathe. He is tachypneic, with a
prolonged expiration phase. He has no cough. He leans forward
with his arms braced on his knees to support his chest and
shoulder for breathing. This client has symptoms of which of
the following respiratory disorder?
a. ARDS
b. Asthma
c. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
d. Emphysema.
ANSWER: D. Emphysema
These are classic signs and symptoms of emphysema.
8. Clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis are given diuretic
therapy. Which of the following reasons explains why?
a. reducing fluid volume reduces oxygen demand
b. reducing fluid volume improves clients’ morbidity
