HSA 3111 - CH 2 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

HSA 3111 - CH 2 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Stakeholder Perspective - Answers •In the US, in order to provide healthcare services, there are several stakeholders or interested entities that participate in the industry. •From an organizational perspective, the consumer is the most important stakeholder for an organization. •The main group of consumers comprises patients who need healthcare services either from a physician, hospital, or outpatient facility. Who are Stakeholders? - Answers •Employers consist of both private and public employers. The healthcare industry is the largest U.S. employer. •Hospitals, Nursing and Residential Care Facilities •Physicians and Other Healthcare Practitioners •Home Healthcare Services •Outpatient Care Centers and Ambulatory Healthcare Services Measuring outcomes: The importance of statistics - Answers •Statistics are calculated to assess healthcare services in the U.S. •National Center for Health Statistics (CDC) produces an annual report on the health of the nation. •Life expectancy and infant mortality rates are calculated to assess health of nation. •Statistics are calculated to assess healthcare services in the U.S. •National Center for Health Statistics (CDC) produces an annual report on the health of the nation. •Healthcare access has a direct correlation between having healthcare insurance and visiting a provider. •Measures of uninsured and underinsured statistics are calculated to assess WHAT? US access to healthcare statistics - Answers •Health insurance = healthcare access. •Uninsured rates have dropped over 10% since ACA Life expectancy - Answers •Life expectancy rates are calculated to assess health of nation. •Calculated by gender and ethnicity. •Used internationally as a comparison between nations health status. International Healthcare Statistics - Answers •Established in 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development collects economic and social data worldwide and monitors trends of economic development. •There are currently 35 countries, including the United States, that are members of this organization. •OECD Health Indicators in statistics - Answers •such as infant mortality rates, average life expectancy, and health risk behaviors are used to evaluate the health status of a population Gross Domestic Product - Answers •What is it? The percentage of products or services produced within a country's borders. •In 2017, the U.S. spent 17.9% of its GDP on health care, the highest percentage of the 35 OECD members. •If we spend the most, shouldn't our statistics be the best of the OECD? 2015 OECD Statistical Highlights Life Expectancy Rates - Answers •Average life expectancy in OECD countries is 80.6 years. •Japan, Spain, and Switzerland have the highest life expectancy rates of 83.9 years, 83 years, and 82.9 years, respectively. •Lowest is South Africa at 57.4 years. •U.S. average is 78.8 years. Why isn't the U.S. first in life expectancy? •Life expectancy rates are a measurement of mortality for a designated age group in a particular year. Gender has an impact on life expectancy. •Life expectancy is calculated at birth, by ethnicity, age 65, and gender. 2015 OECD Life Expectancy by Gender and Age 65 - Answers •83.1 years for women; 77.9 years for men. •U.S. men: 76.3 years, close to the OECD men's average. •U.S. women: 81.2 years, close to the OECD women's average. •OECD average of years of life at 65 is 19.5 years. •U.S. similar to the OECD average of 19.3. •France, Japan, and Spain exceeded the average. OECD Statistical Highlights Infant Mortality Rates - Answers •Infant mortality rates are calculated as a comparison measure of country health status. •According to the OECD, the infant mortality rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 live births occurring among the population of a designated area during the same calendar year. 2015 OECD Statistical Highlights:Infant Mortality Rates - Answers •The average OECD infant mortality rate is 3.9. •The U.S. rate is 5.8: •Higher than the OECD average. •Varies by state: Mississippi is 9.3, and New Hampshire is 4.2. •If we have the most expensive healthcare system in the world, why is the U.S. statistic higher than the OECD average? 2017 OECD Statistical Highlights:Tobacco, Alcohol and Obesity Rates - Answers •OECD average percentage of population who smokes daily: 18.4%. •U.S. has one of the lowest tobacco smoking rates of the OECD countries: 11.4%. •OECD average use of alcohol is 2.4 gallons consumer in 1 year. •U.S. is close to this average. •Obesity is classified as an individual with a body mass index greater than 30. Average OECD rate is 19.4% of the population. Obesity Rates - Answers •Obesity rate has increased in most OECD countries. •U.S. has one of the highest obesity rates of OECD countries at 38.2% •Japan's rate is 3.7%. •Obesity is a risk factor for heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. •Obesity has become a global public health issue. 2016 Health Expenditures Per Capita and Access to Clinicians - Answers •OECD average health expenditure per capita: $3,500. •U.S. spends $9,892 per person. •Switzerland, $7,919; Luxembourg, $7643. •Practicing doctors per 1,000 population: •OECD average is 3.4. •U.S. rate is 2.6. Varies by geography. •Nurses per 1,000 population: •OECD average is 9. •U.S. rate is 11.3. •More access to clinicians, better health. Four components of healthcare - Answers •Financing •Delivery •Insurance •Payment Types of Healthcare Systems - Answers •Entirely private •Multi-Payer or Mixed •National (single-payer)