,WGU D115 Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam Questions 2026 and answers
A condition that occurs when high WBC counts lead to acute hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia,
hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia.
Pancytopenia
A deficiency of all types of blood cells.
Leukostasis
Occurs when blood vessels become overcrowded with immature blast cells in patients with
AML.
Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms
Neurologic signs including peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, lethargy, and fatigue.
Intrinsic factor
A substance produced by the mucosa of the stomach and intestines essential for the absorption
of vitamin B12.
Sickle cell trait
A heterozygous carrier state where an individual inherits one mutated gene, offering some
protection against malaria.
Acquiring two abnormal sickle genes
Leads to sickle cell disease.
Life expectancy with sickle cell trait
Generally good, as sickle cell trait is not a disease.
Common genetic mutation of hemoglobin
Sickle cell trait, prevalent in populations from W. Africa, the Middle East, and Mediterranean
regions.
Malaria
A disease caused by parasites transmitted through mosquito bites.
,Sickle Cell Trait
Genetic condition providing partial protection against malaria.
Sickle Cell Disease
Severe form of sickle cell trait leading to health complications.
Herpes Zoster
Viral infection causing painful vesicular rash along dermatomes.
Prodromal Stage
Initial phase before full symptoms develop, like rash or fever.
Atopic Dermatitis
Chronic inflammatory skin disease causing itchy, red skin.
Pyelonephritis
Kidney inflammation due to bacterial infection, often UTI-related.
Proteinuria
Presence of excess protein in urine, indicating kidney damage.
Lower-Extremity Venous Insufficiency
Condition causing poor blood flow in leg veins, leading to edema.
Duodenal Ulcer
Ulcer in the duodenum causing burning abdominal pain after meals.
Reflux Esophagitis
Inflammation of the esophagus due to acid reflux.
Acute Gouty Arthritis
Sudden joint inflammation, often at the big toe, due to uric acid.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
Test measuring inflammation by observing red blood cell settling.
Joint Space Narrowing
Reduction of space in joints, common in osteoarthritis.
, CVA Tenderness
Costovertebral angle pain indicating possible kidney issues.
Microalbuminuria
Early sign of kidney damage, especially in diabetes.
Chronic Inflammatory Skin Disease
Long-term skin condition causing inflammation and itching.
Vesicular Eruption
Formation of fluid-filled blisters on the skin.
Dermatome
Skin area supplied by a single spinal nerve root.
Systemic Symptoms
Generalized symptoms affecting the entire body, like fever.
Renal Insufficiency
Decreased kidney function leading to waste accumulation.
Flank Pain
Pain in the side, often associated with kidney issues.
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder, causing abdominal pain.
Nausea
Feeling of sickness with an urge to vomit.
Paresthesia
Abnormal sensation such as tingling or prickling.
Bone Spurs
Bony projections that develop along joint margins.
Thickening of Synovial Membrane
Increased tissue lining joints, common in arthritis.
Exam Questions 2026 and answers
A condition that occurs when high WBC counts lead to acute hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia,
hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia.
Pancytopenia
A deficiency of all types of blood cells.
Leukostasis
Occurs when blood vessels become overcrowded with immature blast cells in patients with
AML.
Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms
Neurologic signs including peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, lethargy, and fatigue.
Intrinsic factor
A substance produced by the mucosa of the stomach and intestines essential for the absorption
of vitamin B12.
Sickle cell trait
A heterozygous carrier state where an individual inherits one mutated gene, offering some
protection against malaria.
Acquiring two abnormal sickle genes
Leads to sickle cell disease.
Life expectancy with sickle cell trait
Generally good, as sickle cell trait is not a disease.
Common genetic mutation of hemoglobin
Sickle cell trait, prevalent in populations from W. Africa, the Middle East, and Mediterranean
regions.
Malaria
A disease caused by parasites transmitted through mosquito bites.
,Sickle Cell Trait
Genetic condition providing partial protection against malaria.
Sickle Cell Disease
Severe form of sickle cell trait leading to health complications.
Herpes Zoster
Viral infection causing painful vesicular rash along dermatomes.
Prodromal Stage
Initial phase before full symptoms develop, like rash or fever.
Atopic Dermatitis
Chronic inflammatory skin disease causing itchy, red skin.
Pyelonephritis
Kidney inflammation due to bacterial infection, often UTI-related.
Proteinuria
Presence of excess protein in urine, indicating kidney damage.
Lower-Extremity Venous Insufficiency
Condition causing poor blood flow in leg veins, leading to edema.
Duodenal Ulcer
Ulcer in the duodenum causing burning abdominal pain after meals.
Reflux Esophagitis
Inflammation of the esophagus due to acid reflux.
Acute Gouty Arthritis
Sudden joint inflammation, often at the big toe, due to uric acid.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
Test measuring inflammation by observing red blood cell settling.
Joint Space Narrowing
Reduction of space in joints, common in osteoarthritis.
, CVA Tenderness
Costovertebral angle pain indicating possible kidney issues.
Microalbuminuria
Early sign of kidney damage, especially in diabetes.
Chronic Inflammatory Skin Disease
Long-term skin condition causing inflammation and itching.
Vesicular Eruption
Formation of fluid-filled blisters on the skin.
Dermatome
Skin area supplied by a single spinal nerve root.
Systemic Symptoms
Generalized symptoms affecting the entire body, like fever.
Renal Insufficiency
Decreased kidney function leading to waste accumulation.
Flank Pain
Pain in the side, often associated with kidney issues.
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder, causing abdominal pain.
Nausea
Feeling of sickness with an urge to vomit.
Paresthesia
Abnormal sensation such as tingling or prickling.
Bone Spurs
Bony projections that develop along joint margins.
Thickening of Synovial Membrane
Increased tissue lining joints, common in arthritis.
