NCCQ theory past exam questions
In ICD-10 5th Edition, what two terms are associated with the use of fifth characters when
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
coding fractured bones, and of these what must be recorded if the type is not indicated? [3
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Marks] - ANS>>'Open' and 'closed'
ii ii ii ii ii ii
An injury not indicated as 'open' or 'closed' must be recorded using fifth character '0'
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
In relation to the co-morbidities standard in ICD-10 5th Edition, why will acute conditions
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
always be coded? - ANS>>Acute conditions will always affect the patient's episode of care
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Which one of the following options must an injury be described as to be classified to ICD-10
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
5th Edition Chapter XIII Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
A. Acute, old or recurrent
ii ii ii ii
B. Acute, subacute or recurrent
ii ii ii ii ii
C. Chronic, old or recurrent - ANS>>C. Chronic, old or recurrent
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Codes in categories U00-U49 are reserved by the WHO for provisional assignment in what
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
situations? [2 Marks] - ANS>>New diseases of uncertain aetiology or emergency use
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
When is it permissible to assign ICD-10 5th Edition fourth character codes for 'multiple
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
injuries' in Chapter XIX Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
causes? [3 Marks] - ANS>>Only where no detail is documented in the medical record
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
about the individual sites or types of the injury
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Name the five columns of the 'neoplasm table' found in Volume 3 Alphabetical Index of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ICD-10 5th Edition related to behaviour. [5 Marks] - ANS>>Malignant primary
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Malignant secondary ii
In situ
ii ii
Benign ii
Uncertain or unknown behaviour ii ii ii
In ICD-10 5th Edition, the dagger and asterisk system provides a dual classification of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
diagnostic statements; what does each symbol represent? [2 Marks] - ANS>>The dagger
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
(†) represents the underlying generalised disease (also referred to as aetiology). The
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
asterisk (*) represents the manifestation of that disease
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
In ICD-10 5th Edition, anaemia must not be coded in what three neoplastic blood disorders
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
as it is a natural symptom in these conditions? [3 Marks] - ANS>>Leukaemia, myeloma
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
and myelodysplasia
ii ii
,In ICD-10 5th Edition, what are sequelae codes used to indicate? [2 Marks] - ANS>>They
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
are used to indicate that a current condition or disease has been caused by a previously
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
occurring disease or injury which has been treated and is no longer present
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
What punctuation is used in both the ICD-10 5th Edition Tabular List and the Alphabetical
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Index to indicate there are fourth character subdivisions? - ANS>>Point-dash (.-)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
In OPCS-4, what does NOC stand for and in what chapter is it used? [2 Marks] -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ANS>>NOC stands for Not Otherwise Classifiable and is used only in the subsidiary
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Chapter Y.
ii ii
Name the four Sections of the OPCS-4 Alphabetical Index. [4 Marks] -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ANS>>(Alphabetical Index of) Interventions and Surgical Procedures
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
(Alphabetical Index of Surgical) Eponyms ii ii ii ii ii
(Alphabetical Index of Surgical) Abbreviations ii ii ii ii ii
(Alphabetical Index of Common Surgical) Suffixes ii ii ii ii ii
When and how are codes from OPCS-4 Chapter S Skin used to enhance a code from
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
another body system chapter? [3 Marks] - ANS>>The code from Chapter S must be
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
assigned:
ii ii
• When it provides further information about the procedure that is not specified in the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
primary body system code.
ii ii ii ii
• In a secondary position, directly after the body system code it is enhancing
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Describe the OPCS-4 standard for coding excision and biopsy procedures. [4 Marks] -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ANS>>When an excision and biopsy is performed on the same site during the same
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
theatre visit, only assign a code(s) for the excision, as a biopsy is an integral part of the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
excision
ii
In which position must codes from OPCS-4 chapters Y Subsidiary Classification of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Methods of Operation and Z Subsidiary Classification of Sites of Operation be
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
sequenced? - ANS>>They must only ever be coded in a secondary position
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
In OPCS-4, how should a 'failed intubation' at an upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy be
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
reflected in the coded clinical record? [2 Marks] - ANS>>The procedure must not be coded
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
unless the point of abandonment is beyond the mouth
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
What is the main axis of classification within OPCS-4 and what are the four levels of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
complexity associated with it? [5 Marks] - ANS>>The main axis of the classification is body
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
system. The four levels of complexity are major, intermediate, minor and non-operative
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
To maintain the structure of the OPCS-4 classification, .8 and .9 codes are available in both
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
principal and extended categories, but from which one of these is it acceptable to assign .8
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
and .9 codes? - ANS>>Principal categories
ii ii ii ii ii ii
, Describe the standard when coding multiple deliveries (e.g. twins, triplets) in OPCS-4
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Chapter R Female Genital Tract Associated with Pregnancy, Childbirth and Puerperium.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
[3 Marks] - ANS>>Each different type of delivery must be recorded with the most serious
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
being sequenced first. Where all methods of delivery are identical, only one code is
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
required
ii
Where an unintentional action, such as perforation of an organ, occurs during a procedure,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
how should this be reflected in the coded clinical record? The answer should reflect both
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ICD-10 5th Edition and OPCS-4. [3 Marks] - ANS>>This unintentional action must not be
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
recorded using OPCS-4 codes. Any surgical procedures performed to correct the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
unintentional action must be recorded using the appropriate OPCS-4 code(s). Any
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
associated diagnosis resulting from the unintentional action, e.g. accidental perforation of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
organ, will be coded using the appropriate ICD-10 code(s)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
In ICD-10 5th Edition, what is the primary diagnosis definition? [7 Marks] - ANS>>The first
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
diagnosis field(s) of the coded clinical record (the primary diagnosis) will contain the main
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
condition treated or investigated during the relevant episode of healthcare. Where a
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
definitive diagnosis has not been made by the responsible clinician the main symptom,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
abnormal findings, or problem should be recorded in the first diagnosis field of the coded
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
clinical record
ii ii
ICD: Describe the rule in relation to code structure when a three character category is not
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
subdivided into four character subdivisions, and why this is used. [5 Marks] - ANS>>The 'X'
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
filler must be assigned in the fourth character field so the codes are of a standard length for
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
data processing and validation. Where a three character code requires assignment of both
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
the 'X' filler and a fifth character subdivision, the 'X' filler must continue to be recorded in the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
fourth field before the fifth character
ii ii ii ii ii ii
ICD: Describe the purpose of 'Use' notes in Volume 1 Tabular List and when the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
convention must be applied. [3 Marks] - ANS>>The 'use' note is a specific instruction to
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
use an additional code in order to describe a condition more completely. The 'use' note is
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
never optional and must always be adhered to where the information is available in the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
medical record.
ii ii
OPCS: Describe the uses of the 'Note' instruction. [5 Marks] - ANS>>• To advise coders to
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
include or omit additional or subsidiary codes.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
• To direct coders elsewhere in the classification to more appropriate categories.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
• To clarify the intended use of a particular chapter, category or code.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
• To provide specific instructions on the correct sequencing of codes when used together
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
(paired codes)
ii ii
OPCS: Describe 'paired codes' and the convention associated with the 'paired codes note'.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
[5 Marks] - ANS>>Some interventions/procedures are frequently carried out together but
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
are classified at separate codes or categories. Where this is the case, the categories
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
concerned contain instructional notes to indicate the associated code and correct
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
sequencing.
ii
In ICD-10 5th Edition, what two terms are associated with the use of fifth characters when
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
coding fractured bones, and of these what must be recorded if the type is not indicated? [3
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Marks] - ANS>>'Open' and 'closed'
ii ii ii ii ii ii
An injury not indicated as 'open' or 'closed' must be recorded using fifth character '0'
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
In relation to the co-morbidities standard in ICD-10 5th Edition, why will acute conditions
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
always be coded? - ANS>>Acute conditions will always affect the patient's episode of care
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Which one of the following options must an injury be described as to be classified to ICD-10
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
5th Edition Chapter XIII Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue?
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
A. Acute, old or recurrent
ii ii ii ii
B. Acute, subacute or recurrent
ii ii ii ii ii
C. Chronic, old or recurrent - ANS>>C. Chronic, old or recurrent
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Codes in categories U00-U49 are reserved by the WHO for provisional assignment in what
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
situations? [2 Marks] - ANS>>New diseases of uncertain aetiology or emergency use
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
When is it permissible to assign ICD-10 5th Edition fourth character codes for 'multiple
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
injuries' in Chapter XIX Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
causes? [3 Marks] - ANS>>Only where no detail is documented in the medical record
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
about the individual sites or types of the injury
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Name the five columns of the 'neoplasm table' found in Volume 3 Alphabetical Index of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ICD-10 5th Edition related to behaviour. [5 Marks] - ANS>>Malignant primary
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Malignant secondary ii
In situ
ii ii
Benign ii
Uncertain or unknown behaviour ii ii ii
In ICD-10 5th Edition, the dagger and asterisk system provides a dual classification of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
diagnostic statements; what does each symbol represent? [2 Marks] - ANS>>The dagger
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
(†) represents the underlying generalised disease (also referred to as aetiology). The
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
asterisk (*) represents the manifestation of that disease
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
In ICD-10 5th Edition, anaemia must not be coded in what three neoplastic blood disorders
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
as it is a natural symptom in these conditions? [3 Marks] - ANS>>Leukaemia, myeloma
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
and myelodysplasia
ii ii
,In ICD-10 5th Edition, what are sequelae codes used to indicate? [2 Marks] - ANS>>They
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
are used to indicate that a current condition or disease has been caused by a previously
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
occurring disease or injury which has been treated and is no longer present
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
What punctuation is used in both the ICD-10 5th Edition Tabular List and the Alphabetical
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Index to indicate there are fourth character subdivisions? - ANS>>Point-dash (.-)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
In OPCS-4, what does NOC stand for and in what chapter is it used? [2 Marks] -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ANS>>NOC stands for Not Otherwise Classifiable and is used only in the subsidiary
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Chapter Y.
ii ii
Name the four Sections of the OPCS-4 Alphabetical Index. [4 Marks] -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ANS>>(Alphabetical Index of) Interventions and Surgical Procedures
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
(Alphabetical Index of Surgical) Eponyms ii ii ii ii ii
(Alphabetical Index of Surgical) Abbreviations ii ii ii ii ii
(Alphabetical Index of Common Surgical) Suffixes ii ii ii ii ii
When and how are codes from OPCS-4 Chapter S Skin used to enhance a code from
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
another body system chapter? [3 Marks] - ANS>>The code from Chapter S must be
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
assigned:
ii ii
• When it provides further information about the procedure that is not specified in the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
primary body system code.
ii ii ii ii
• In a secondary position, directly after the body system code it is enhancing
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Describe the OPCS-4 standard for coding excision and biopsy procedures. [4 Marks] -
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ANS>>When an excision and biopsy is performed on the same site during the same
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
theatre visit, only assign a code(s) for the excision, as a biopsy is an integral part of the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
excision
ii
In which position must codes from OPCS-4 chapters Y Subsidiary Classification of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Methods of Operation and Z Subsidiary Classification of Sites of Operation be
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
sequenced? - ANS>>They must only ever be coded in a secondary position
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
In OPCS-4, how should a 'failed intubation' at an upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy be
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
reflected in the coded clinical record? [2 Marks] - ANS>>The procedure must not be coded
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
unless the point of abandonment is beyond the mouth
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
What is the main axis of classification within OPCS-4 and what are the four levels of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
complexity associated with it? [5 Marks] - ANS>>The main axis of the classification is body
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
system. The four levels of complexity are major, intermediate, minor and non-operative
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
To maintain the structure of the OPCS-4 classification, .8 and .9 codes are available in both
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
principal and extended categories, but from which one of these is it acceptable to assign .8
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
and .9 codes? - ANS>>Principal categories
ii ii ii ii ii ii
, Describe the standard when coding multiple deliveries (e.g. twins, triplets) in OPCS-4
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
Chapter R Female Genital Tract Associated with Pregnancy, Childbirth and Puerperium.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
[3 Marks] - ANS>>Each different type of delivery must be recorded with the most serious
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
being sequenced first. Where all methods of delivery are identical, only one code is
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
required
ii
Where an unintentional action, such as perforation of an organ, occurs during a procedure,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
how should this be reflected in the coded clinical record? The answer should reflect both
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
ICD-10 5th Edition and OPCS-4. [3 Marks] - ANS>>This unintentional action must not be
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
recorded using OPCS-4 codes. Any surgical procedures performed to correct the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
unintentional action must be recorded using the appropriate OPCS-4 code(s). Any
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
associated diagnosis resulting from the unintentional action, e.g. accidental perforation of
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
organ, will be coded using the appropriate ICD-10 code(s)
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
In ICD-10 5th Edition, what is the primary diagnosis definition? [7 Marks] - ANS>>The first
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
diagnosis field(s) of the coded clinical record (the primary diagnosis) will contain the main
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
condition treated or investigated during the relevant episode of healthcare. Where a
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
definitive diagnosis has not been made by the responsible clinician the main symptom,
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
abnormal findings, or problem should be recorded in the first diagnosis field of the coded
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
clinical record
ii ii
ICD: Describe the rule in relation to code structure when a three character category is not
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
subdivided into four character subdivisions, and why this is used. [5 Marks] - ANS>>The 'X'
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
filler must be assigned in the fourth character field so the codes are of a standard length for
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
data processing and validation. Where a three character code requires assignment of both
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
the 'X' filler and a fifth character subdivision, the 'X' filler must continue to be recorded in the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
fourth field before the fifth character
ii ii ii ii ii ii
ICD: Describe the purpose of 'Use' notes in Volume 1 Tabular List and when the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
convention must be applied. [3 Marks] - ANS>>The 'use' note is a specific instruction to
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
use an additional code in order to describe a condition more completely. The 'use' note is
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
never optional and must always be adhered to where the information is available in the
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
medical record.
ii ii
OPCS: Describe the uses of the 'Note' instruction. [5 Marks] - ANS>>• To advise coders to
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
include or omit additional or subsidiary codes.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
• To direct coders elsewhere in the classification to more appropriate categories.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
• To clarify the intended use of a particular chapter, category or code.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
• To provide specific instructions on the correct sequencing of codes when used together
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
(paired codes)
ii ii
OPCS: Describe 'paired codes' and the convention associated with the 'paired codes note'.
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
[5 Marks] - ANS>>Some interventions/procedures are frequently carried out together but
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
are classified at separate codes or categories. Where this is the case, the categories
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
concerned contain instructional notes to indicate the associated code and correct
ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii
sequencing.
ii
