MCAT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY | HIGH-YIELD BIO
REVIEW
In terms of ATP, approximately how many glucose molecules would it take to translate a 60 amino acid
polypeptide chain in a eukaryote undergoing aerobic respiration? - answer ✔✔-8
How many ATP equivalents are required to translate a 100-amino acid protein? - answer ✔✔-400
Where is the START codon bound in a ribosome? - answer ✔✔-P site
Which of the following identifies a point mutation that creates a STOP codon? - answer ✔✔-Nonsense
mutation
What are the necessary components of a nucleotide? - answer ✔✔-A pentose, an aromatic base, and
phosphates
Which of the following is NOT a required component of replication? - answer ✔✔-3' to 5' synthesis with
DNA polymerase
Which of the following is required component of replication? - answer ✔✔-DNA template
Primers made of RNA
Helicase
, How many types of RNA polymerases are used by eukaryotic cells? - answer ✔✔-3
condensation reaction - answer ✔✔-A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to
each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called dehydration reaction.
Hydrolysis - answer ✔✔-A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water.
Nucleotide - answer ✔✔-monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group,
and a nitrogenous base
nucleoside - answer ✔✔-base + sugar
Polymerazation - answer ✔✔-The bonding of two or more monomers
polymerase - answer ✔✔-an enzyme that brings about the formation of a particular polymer, especially
DNA or RNA.
Pyrimidines - answer ✔✔-cytosine, thymine, uracil
Purines - answer ✔✔-guanine and adenine double ring
5' to 3' direction - answer ✔✔-the only direction that DNA polymerase can synthesize DNA; it does so by
adding nucleotides to the 3' end of a DNA strand.
ester linkage - answer ✔✔-a bond between a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group
genome - answer ✔✔-All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.
Prokaryote DNA - answer ✔✔-Contained in the cytoplasm, organized into one chromosome, and exists
in a ring
REVIEW
In terms of ATP, approximately how many glucose molecules would it take to translate a 60 amino acid
polypeptide chain in a eukaryote undergoing aerobic respiration? - answer ✔✔-8
How many ATP equivalents are required to translate a 100-amino acid protein? - answer ✔✔-400
Where is the START codon bound in a ribosome? - answer ✔✔-P site
Which of the following identifies a point mutation that creates a STOP codon? - answer ✔✔-Nonsense
mutation
What are the necessary components of a nucleotide? - answer ✔✔-A pentose, an aromatic base, and
phosphates
Which of the following is NOT a required component of replication? - answer ✔✔-3' to 5' synthesis with
DNA polymerase
Which of the following is required component of replication? - answer ✔✔-DNA template
Primers made of RNA
Helicase
, How many types of RNA polymerases are used by eukaryotic cells? - answer ✔✔-3
condensation reaction - answer ✔✔-A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to
each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called dehydration reaction.
Hydrolysis - answer ✔✔-A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water.
Nucleotide - answer ✔✔-monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group,
and a nitrogenous base
nucleoside - answer ✔✔-base + sugar
Polymerazation - answer ✔✔-The bonding of two or more monomers
polymerase - answer ✔✔-an enzyme that brings about the formation of a particular polymer, especially
DNA or RNA.
Pyrimidines - answer ✔✔-cytosine, thymine, uracil
Purines - answer ✔✔-guanine and adenine double ring
5' to 3' direction - answer ✔✔-the only direction that DNA polymerase can synthesize DNA; it does so by
adding nucleotides to the 3' end of a DNA strand.
ester linkage - answer ✔✔-a bond between a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group
genome - answer ✔✔-All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's chromosomes.
Prokaryote DNA - answer ✔✔-Contained in the cytoplasm, organized into one chromosome, and exists
in a ring
