CHEST PATHOLOGY REVISION QUESTIONS ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
1. What is another name for mediastinal emphysema?: Pneumomediastinum
2. What does mediastinal emphysema result in?: Air trapped in the mediastinum
3. Mediastinal emphysema (pneumomediastinum) can occur from what?: • Chest
trauma
• Endoscopy (a procedure that lets your doctor look inside your body)
• Violent vomiting
4. If you have mediastinal emphysema, what would they do to look for a leak?:
Esophogram (drink contrast agent)
5. What can mediastinal emphysema lead to?: Subcutaneous emphysema
6. What is subcutaneous emphysema?: Air in subcutaneous tissues
7. CT is the method of choice for evaluation of what?: Pulmonary adenopathy
8. Define: Pulmonary adenopathy: Enlargement of lymph nodes in chest
9. CT is used for staging what?: Small lung cell carcinoma
10. Why does percutaneous transthoracic needle aspiration need CT for guid- ance?:
To obtain cells from lung lesions
11. What is an embolism in thoracic vessels?: Clot or air
12. Embolism in thoracic vessels use what?: CTA chest WITH CONTRAST for PE
13. When CTA is contraindicated for PE, what can you use?: Nuclear Medicine
images...
• Perfusion scans
• Ventilation scans
14. Perfusion scans use what?: IV radionuclides
15. Ventilation scans use what?: Inhalation of radioactive gas (xenon)
16. What kind of images increase glucose uptake?: Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)
images (PET)
17. What is beneficial for the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma?: PET -
Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) images
18. ET:: Endotracheal tube (airway)
19. Chest tube:: Drains air or fluid (thoracentesis)
,CHEST PATHOLOGY REVISION QUESTIONS ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
20. Pneumothorax:: Air in the pleural cavity
21. Hemothorax:: Blood in the pleural cavity
22. Pleural effusion:: Fluid in the pleural space
23. CVP:: Central venous pressure lines
24. Where is the CVP inserted?: Inserted into subclavian, jugular, antecubital vein, or
femoral vein
25. The tip of the CVP is where?: SVC
26. What is a CVP used for?: Used for infusions, fluids, measure function of heart's
right side
27. Swan-Ganz:: Pulmonary artery catheter
28. Where is a Swan-Ganz catheter placed?: Inserted into subclavian and floats into
pulmonary artery
29. What is a Swan-Ganz catheter used for?: Used to monitor heart function/fail- ure
30. Port-a-Cath or Medi-Cath (Hickman):: Port device under the skin
31. Where is a Port-a-Cath or Medi-Cath inserted?: Inserted into subclavian, tip in
SVC
32. Why is a Port-a-Cath or Medi-Cath used?: Tapped to deliver chemotherapy
drugs
33. Where is a intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) inserted?: Surgically placed
through cutdown in femoral artery with balloon tip in descending aorta
34. What is the purpose of an intraaortic balloon pump?: Provides mechanical
support of the left ventricle. Reduce work load of heart and help improve systemic
blood flow
35. Where are pacemaker electrodes placed?: Electrodes placed in ventricles
36. What is the purpose of pacemaker electrodes?: To electrically pace the heart
37. Hypoxemia:: Low oxygen in arterial blood
38. Hypercapnia:: Inability to move air into and out of lungs
39. What is used to diagnose respiratory failure, along with the severity of it?:
Arterial blood gas (ABG)
40. Treatments for respiratory failure:: Establishing a patent airway and adminis-
tration of bronchodilating drugs and controlled oxygen therapy with the use of
CPAP, BiPAP, and PPV
41. CPAP:: Continuous positive airway pressure
42. BiPAP:: Bilevel positive airway pressure
43. PPV:: Positive pressure ventilator
,CHEST PATHOLOGY REVISION QUESTIONS ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
44. What are the 2 congenital and hereditary diseases?: • Cystic Fibrosis
• Hyaline Membrane Disease
45. Cystic Fibrosis:: Genetic disorder affecting the exocrine glands
46. CF is the most common lethal genetic disease of children: white
47. T/F: The etiology for CF is unknown: True
48. What are some signs and symptoms of CF?: Chronic cough, wheezing,
clubbed fingers, barrel chest, cyanosis (blue skin)
49. Manifestations of CF:: Increased secretions which lead to obstruction, infection
and lung collapse (atelectasis), and emphysema. Right-sided heart failure due to
pulmonary hypertension
50. What is the mortality of CF?: 40+ years
51. What is a test for CF?: "Kiss Test" baby will taste salty due to increased sodium
chloride levels (sweat test)
52. What is the radiographic appearance of someone that has CF?: Bronchial
thickening, pneumothorax, cysts, bronchiectasis, overinflation
53. What are the treatment options for CF?: Antimicrobial drugs, bronchodilator
inhaler, respiratory therapy
54. Is CF additive or subtractive?: Additive
55. Should you increase or decrease technical factors with CF?: Increase due to
secretions and thickening
56. What is another name for Hyaline Membrane Disease?: Also known as
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
57. Etiology for RDS:: Premature infants less than 37 weeks gestation
58. Manifestations with RDS:: Immature surfactant production causes alveolar
collapse and atelectasis
59. What is the radiographic appearance of someone with RDS?: "Air-bron-
chogram", "ground-glass" (opacification) appearance
60. What is the treatment for RDS before birth?: Corticosteroids given to mother
before delivery
61. What is the treatment for RDS after birth?: Regulated environment and tissue
oxygenation
62. People with RDS may develop...: Patent ductus arteriosus
63. What is patent ductus arteriosus?: Opening between ventricles so blood is not
oxygenated
64. Should you increase or decrease exposure for atelectasis? Why?: Increase
exposure due to granular density
1. What is another name for mediastinal emphysema?: Pneumomediastinum
2. What does mediastinal emphysema result in?: Air trapped in the mediastinum
3. Mediastinal emphysema (pneumomediastinum) can occur from what?: • Chest
trauma
• Endoscopy (a procedure that lets your doctor look inside your body)
• Violent vomiting
4. If you have mediastinal emphysema, what would they do to look for a leak?:
Esophogram (drink contrast agent)
5. What can mediastinal emphysema lead to?: Subcutaneous emphysema
6. What is subcutaneous emphysema?: Air in subcutaneous tissues
7. CT is the method of choice for evaluation of what?: Pulmonary adenopathy
8. Define: Pulmonary adenopathy: Enlargement of lymph nodes in chest
9. CT is used for staging what?: Small lung cell carcinoma
10. Why does percutaneous transthoracic needle aspiration need CT for guid- ance?:
To obtain cells from lung lesions
11. What is an embolism in thoracic vessels?: Clot or air
12. Embolism in thoracic vessels use what?: CTA chest WITH CONTRAST for PE
13. When CTA is contraindicated for PE, what can you use?: Nuclear Medicine
images...
• Perfusion scans
• Ventilation scans
14. Perfusion scans use what?: IV radionuclides
15. Ventilation scans use what?: Inhalation of radioactive gas (xenon)
16. What kind of images increase glucose uptake?: Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)
images (PET)
17. What is beneficial for the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma?: PET -
Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) images
18. ET:: Endotracheal tube (airway)
19. Chest tube:: Drains air or fluid (thoracentesis)
,CHEST PATHOLOGY REVISION QUESTIONS ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
20. Pneumothorax:: Air in the pleural cavity
21. Hemothorax:: Blood in the pleural cavity
22. Pleural effusion:: Fluid in the pleural space
23. CVP:: Central venous pressure lines
24. Where is the CVP inserted?: Inserted into subclavian, jugular, antecubital vein, or
femoral vein
25. The tip of the CVP is where?: SVC
26. What is a CVP used for?: Used for infusions, fluids, measure function of heart's
right side
27. Swan-Ganz:: Pulmonary artery catheter
28. Where is a Swan-Ganz catheter placed?: Inserted into subclavian and floats into
pulmonary artery
29. What is a Swan-Ganz catheter used for?: Used to monitor heart function/fail- ure
30. Port-a-Cath or Medi-Cath (Hickman):: Port device under the skin
31. Where is a Port-a-Cath or Medi-Cath inserted?: Inserted into subclavian, tip in
SVC
32. Why is a Port-a-Cath or Medi-Cath used?: Tapped to deliver chemotherapy
drugs
33. Where is a intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) inserted?: Surgically placed
through cutdown in femoral artery with balloon tip in descending aorta
34. What is the purpose of an intraaortic balloon pump?: Provides mechanical
support of the left ventricle. Reduce work load of heart and help improve systemic
blood flow
35. Where are pacemaker electrodes placed?: Electrodes placed in ventricles
36. What is the purpose of pacemaker electrodes?: To electrically pace the heart
37. Hypoxemia:: Low oxygen in arterial blood
38. Hypercapnia:: Inability to move air into and out of lungs
39. What is used to diagnose respiratory failure, along with the severity of it?:
Arterial blood gas (ABG)
40. Treatments for respiratory failure:: Establishing a patent airway and adminis-
tration of bronchodilating drugs and controlled oxygen therapy with the use of
CPAP, BiPAP, and PPV
41. CPAP:: Continuous positive airway pressure
42. BiPAP:: Bilevel positive airway pressure
43. PPV:: Positive pressure ventilator
,CHEST PATHOLOGY REVISION QUESTIONS ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST VERSION
44. What are the 2 congenital and hereditary diseases?: • Cystic Fibrosis
• Hyaline Membrane Disease
45. Cystic Fibrosis:: Genetic disorder affecting the exocrine glands
46. CF is the most common lethal genetic disease of children: white
47. T/F: The etiology for CF is unknown: True
48. What are some signs and symptoms of CF?: Chronic cough, wheezing,
clubbed fingers, barrel chest, cyanosis (blue skin)
49. Manifestations of CF:: Increased secretions which lead to obstruction, infection
and lung collapse (atelectasis), and emphysema. Right-sided heart failure due to
pulmonary hypertension
50. What is the mortality of CF?: 40+ years
51. What is a test for CF?: "Kiss Test" baby will taste salty due to increased sodium
chloride levels (sweat test)
52. What is the radiographic appearance of someone that has CF?: Bronchial
thickening, pneumothorax, cysts, bronchiectasis, overinflation
53. What are the treatment options for CF?: Antimicrobial drugs, bronchodilator
inhaler, respiratory therapy
54. Is CF additive or subtractive?: Additive
55. Should you increase or decrease technical factors with CF?: Increase due to
secretions and thickening
56. What is another name for Hyaline Membrane Disease?: Also known as
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
57. Etiology for RDS:: Premature infants less than 37 weeks gestation
58. Manifestations with RDS:: Immature surfactant production causes alveolar
collapse and atelectasis
59. What is the radiographic appearance of someone with RDS?: "Air-bron-
chogram", "ground-glass" (opacification) appearance
60. What is the treatment for RDS before birth?: Corticosteroids given to mother
before delivery
61. What is the treatment for RDS after birth?: Regulated environment and tissue
oxygenation
62. People with RDS may develop...: Patent ductus arteriosus
63. What is patent ductus arteriosus?: Opening between ventricles so blood is not
oxygenated
64. Should you increase or decrease exposure for atelectasis? Why?: Increase
exposure due to granular density
