Women's Health and Perinatal Nursing Exam
1(Correctly solved)
Define: Gravida correct answers •Pregnancy
Define: Para correct answers • Pregnancy past 20 weeks regardless of outcome
-Twins = 1 parity
Define: Viability correct answers •Reasonable expectation baby will survive (22-23 weeks)
Define: Pre-Term pregnancy correct answers •Before 37 completed weeks
Define: Post-Term pregnancy correct answers •Past 42 weeks gestation
Define: Term pregnancy correct answers •37 completed weeks
- 38 week gestation
Define: Trimester correct answers •A period of three months
•1st 1 -13 weeks
•2nd 14-26 weeks
•3rd 27-40 weeks
Define: Presumptive signs of pregnancy correct answers •Experiences by the woman that she
relays to you
-Missed menstrual cycle
-Morning sickness
-Breast tenderness
-Fatigue
Define: Probable signs of pregnancy correct answers •Still not definitive
-Blood and home pregnancy tests
Define: Positive signs of pregnancy correct answers •When healthcare provider can verify
-Audible fetal heart tones
-Fetus moves upon palpation
-Visible on ultrasound
Define: Estimated date of birth correct answers •Date that spontaneous onset of labor is expected
to occur
Define: Nagele's rule correct answers •First day of LMP - 3 months + 7 days
,Define: HcG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) and the types of testing involved. correct
answers •Pregnancy hormone
-Made by cells formed in placenta
•Serum: Quantitative HcG
-Can test 6 days post conception/20 days post LMP
-Provides a quantitative value of HcG
◻Doubles every other day for first 7-13 weeks
◻Dropping values are not good
•Urine HcG
-Can test 16 days post conception
-Most accurate is first morning void
Define: Linea Nigra correct answers •Pale line that goes through the umbilicus
Define: Striae gravidarum correct answers •Stretch marks
•Can vary from female to female
Define: Diastasis recti abdominis correct answers •Vigorous abdominal crunches during
pregnancy puts too much stress on muscle
•Can cause herniation
Define: Fundus and assessment correct answers •Top of the uterus
•Measured in centimeters
•Uterus remains in the pelvis during first 12 weeks or so
•Moves into abdomen at around 14 weeks
•Technique:
-Empty bladder
-Lay flat
-Measure from symphysis to fundus
Discuss a good "rule of thumb" for fundal height measuring? correct answers •14 weeks uterus
palpable from abdomen
•16 weeks fundus halfway between symphysis and umbilicus
•20 weeks fundus at level of umbilicus
•After 20 weeks: Measures approximately according to gestational age i.e. 28 weeks = 28 cm
,What are some special considerations for fundal height measuring? correct answers •End height
depends on size of women
•Low measurement
-Low amniotic fluid
-Malnutrition
-Wrong due date
•High measurement
-Too much fluid
-Multiple babies
Define: Braxton Hix contractions correct answers •May begin as early as the 4th month
•Painless
•Pressure if felt at all
•Do not increase in frequency or intensity
•Normal
Define: Goodell's sign correct answers •Softening of cervix (6 weeks)
Define: Chadwick's sign correct answers •Violet, bluish color of vagina (6-8 weeks)
Define: Gestation correct answers •Last day of last period
Define: Leukorrhea correct answers •Thin, milky white and mild-smelling (sometimes odorless)
vaginal discharge that many women first experience in early pregnancy
•The amount will likely increase as pregnancy progresses.
Calculate gravidity and parity using the 2 and 5 digit system. correct answers •2 digit
-Gravidity: pregnancies
-Parity: pregnancy past 20 week mark regardless of outcome
•5 digit system
-Gravidity: pregnancies
-Parity: pregnancy past 20 week mark regardless of outcome
-Number of abortions (spontaneous or therapeutic)
-Number of deliveries
-Number of living children
, Discuss expected maternal A&P adaptations to pregnancy related to breasts. correct answers
•Increase size and nodularity
•Increased pigmentation (areolae and nipples)
•Montgomery's tubercles enlarge
•Colostrum may start by 16 weeks
-First pre milk
Discuss expected maternal A&P adaptations to pregnancy related to cardiovascular. correct
answers •Anatomy in abdomen shifts as pregnancy grows
•Increased blood volume and cardiac output
•As pregnancy progresses heart moves up and to left
•Diaphragm rises
•Heart problems may be identified for the first time
•Heart rate: increases 10-15 bpm
•BP
-1st trimester-pre-pregnant pressures
-2nd trimester-decrease systolic and diastolic of 5-10 mmHg
-3rd trimester-similar to 1st trimester
•Lower extremity edema: increased venous pressure from uterine weight
Discuss expected maternal A&P adaptations to pregnancy related to blood volume. correct
answers •Vessels become very elastic, so BP goes down in healthy women
•5 liters/male -- female less
•Blood volume increases about 1500 ml (40-50%)
•Plasma = 1000 ml and RBC's= 450ml
•Blood volume starts 10 weeks, peaks at 32-34 weeks, some decrease at 40 weeks
•Why? Protection from blood loss during delivery
-Giving blood of hormones to baby
Discuss expected maternal A&P adaptations to pregnancy related to hematology. correct answers
•Hemoglobin hemocrit drop due to dilution
1(Correctly solved)
Define: Gravida correct answers •Pregnancy
Define: Para correct answers • Pregnancy past 20 weeks regardless of outcome
-Twins = 1 parity
Define: Viability correct answers •Reasonable expectation baby will survive (22-23 weeks)
Define: Pre-Term pregnancy correct answers •Before 37 completed weeks
Define: Post-Term pregnancy correct answers •Past 42 weeks gestation
Define: Term pregnancy correct answers •37 completed weeks
- 38 week gestation
Define: Trimester correct answers •A period of three months
•1st 1 -13 weeks
•2nd 14-26 weeks
•3rd 27-40 weeks
Define: Presumptive signs of pregnancy correct answers •Experiences by the woman that she
relays to you
-Missed menstrual cycle
-Morning sickness
-Breast tenderness
-Fatigue
Define: Probable signs of pregnancy correct answers •Still not definitive
-Blood and home pregnancy tests
Define: Positive signs of pregnancy correct answers •When healthcare provider can verify
-Audible fetal heart tones
-Fetus moves upon palpation
-Visible on ultrasound
Define: Estimated date of birth correct answers •Date that spontaneous onset of labor is expected
to occur
Define: Nagele's rule correct answers •First day of LMP - 3 months + 7 days
,Define: HcG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) and the types of testing involved. correct
answers •Pregnancy hormone
-Made by cells formed in placenta
•Serum: Quantitative HcG
-Can test 6 days post conception/20 days post LMP
-Provides a quantitative value of HcG
◻Doubles every other day for first 7-13 weeks
◻Dropping values are not good
•Urine HcG
-Can test 16 days post conception
-Most accurate is first morning void
Define: Linea Nigra correct answers •Pale line that goes through the umbilicus
Define: Striae gravidarum correct answers •Stretch marks
•Can vary from female to female
Define: Diastasis recti abdominis correct answers •Vigorous abdominal crunches during
pregnancy puts too much stress on muscle
•Can cause herniation
Define: Fundus and assessment correct answers •Top of the uterus
•Measured in centimeters
•Uterus remains in the pelvis during first 12 weeks or so
•Moves into abdomen at around 14 weeks
•Technique:
-Empty bladder
-Lay flat
-Measure from symphysis to fundus
Discuss a good "rule of thumb" for fundal height measuring? correct answers •14 weeks uterus
palpable from abdomen
•16 weeks fundus halfway between symphysis and umbilicus
•20 weeks fundus at level of umbilicus
•After 20 weeks: Measures approximately according to gestational age i.e. 28 weeks = 28 cm
,What are some special considerations for fundal height measuring? correct answers •End height
depends on size of women
•Low measurement
-Low amniotic fluid
-Malnutrition
-Wrong due date
•High measurement
-Too much fluid
-Multiple babies
Define: Braxton Hix contractions correct answers •May begin as early as the 4th month
•Painless
•Pressure if felt at all
•Do not increase in frequency or intensity
•Normal
Define: Goodell's sign correct answers •Softening of cervix (6 weeks)
Define: Chadwick's sign correct answers •Violet, bluish color of vagina (6-8 weeks)
Define: Gestation correct answers •Last day of last period
Define: Leukorrhea correct answers •Thin, milky white and mild-smelling (sometimes odorless)
vaginal discharge that many women first experience in early pregnancy
•The amount will likely increase as pregnancy progresses.
Calculate gravidity and parity using the 2 and 5 digit system. correct answers •2 digit
-Gravidity: pregnancies
-Parity: pregnancy past 20 week mark regardless of outcome
•5 digit system
-Gravidity: pregnancies
-Parity: pregnancy past 20 week mark regardless of outcome
-Number of abortions (spontaneous or therapeutic)
-Number of deliveries
-Number of living children
, Discuss expected maternal A&P adaptations to pregnancy related to breasts. correct answers
•Increase size and nodularity
•Increased pigmentation (areolae and nipples)
•Montgomery's tubercles enlarge
•Colostrum may start by 16 weeks
-First pre milk
Discuss expected maternal A&P adaptations to pregnancy related to cardiovascular. correct
answers •Anatomy in abdomen shifts as pregnancy grows
•Increased blood volume and cardiac output
•As pregnancy progresses heart moves up and to left
•Diaphragm rises
•Heart problems may be identified for the first time
•Heart rate: increases 10-15 bpm
•BP
-1st trimester-pre-pregnant pressures
-2nd trimester-decrease systolic and diastolic of 5-10 mmHg
-3rd trimester-similar to 1st trimester
•Lower extremity edema: increased venous pressure from uterine weight
Discuss expected maternal A&P adaptations to pregnancy related to blood volume. correct
answers •Vessels become very elastic, so BP goes down in healthy women
•5 liters/male -- female less
•Blood volume increases about 1500 ml (40-50%)
•Plasma = 1000 ml and RBC's= 450ml
•Blood volume starts 10 weeks, peaks at 32-34 weeks, some decrease at 40 weeks
•Why? Protection from blood loss during delivery
-Giving blood of hormones to baby
Discuss expected maternal A&P adaptations to pregnancy related to hematology. correct answers
•Hemoglobin hemocrit drop due to dilution
