BIOL351 | BIOL351MODULE 1| EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
VERIFIED
1. Name the primary factor that affects how much drug is absorbed into
the bloodstream.
A. Drug color
B. Route of administration
C. Patient age
D. Time of day
Correct Answer: B. Route of administration
Explanation:
The route of administration determines how a drug enters the body and how quickly it
reaches systemic circulation. Some routes, such as intravenous, deliver drugs directly
into the bloodstream, resulting in complete absorption. Other routes, such as oral or
topical, involve barriers that reduce absorption. Therefore, the route greatly influences
drug bioavailability.
2. What is the name of the dosage form that makes drugs acid resistant
to prevent dissolution in the stomach?
A. Sustained-release tablet
B. Enteric coating
C. Liquid suspension
D. Transdermal patch
Correct Answer: B. Enteric coating
,Explanation:
Enteric coatings protect drugs from the acidic environment of the stomach. This allows
the medication to pass into the intestine before dissolving. Enteric coatings are often
used to prevent stomach irritation or protect drugs that are unstable in acid. Absorption
typically occurs in the small intestine.
3. True or False: Parenteral administration is a synonym for intravenous
administration.
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: B. False
Explanation:
Parenteral administration refers to all routes that bypass the gastrointestinal tract. This
includes intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intradermal routes. Intravenous
administration is only one type of parenteral route. Therefore, the two terms are not
synonymous.
4. True or False: Medications applied topically have a very consistent and
reliable absorption into the bloodstream.
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: B. False
Explanation:
Topical medications are absorbed through the skin, which acts as a strong barrier.
Factors such as skin thickness, hydration, and blood flow affect absorption. Because of
this variability, absorption is often inconsistent and unreliable. Topical drugs are usually
intended for local effects rather than systemic action.
5. True or False: Medications applied topically have very inconsistent and
unreliable absorption.
,A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: A. True
Explanation:
The skin’s barrier function makes drug absorption unpredictable. Environmental factors
and individual differences influence how much drug enters the bloodstream. This
variability is why topical drugs are not typically used when precise systemic dosing is
required. Their main use is localized treatment.
6. The term that refers to the transport of a drug by the bloodstream to
the site of action is called:
A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Metabolism
D. Excretion
Correct Answer: B. Distribution
Explanation:
Distribution occurs after a drug enters the bloodstream. It refers to the movement of the
drug from the blood to tissues and organs. Blood flow, tissue permeability, and protein
binding affect distribution. Highly perfused organs receive drugs more quickly.
7. Which organ would generally receive a drug first due to having a high
blood supply?
A. Skin
B. Muscle
C. Heart
D. Bone
Correct Answer: C. Heart
Explanation:
The heart receives a large portion of cardiac output. Organs with high blood flow, such
as the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain, are exposed to drugs early. This rapid delivery can
, lead to quicker pharmacological effects. Blood supply is a key determinant of drug
distribution.
8. Which statement regarding drug metabolism is true?
A. Drugs cannot act as substrates for liver enzymes
B. Enzyme inhibitors increase drug metabolism
C. Enzyme inducers increase drug metabolism
D. Liver enzymes rarely cause drug interactions
Correct Answer: C. Enzyme inducers increase drug metabolism
Explanation:
Enzyme inducers increase the activity of metabolic enzymes, particularly in the liver. This
results in faster drug breakdown and reduced drug levels. Enzyme inhibitors do the
opposite by slowing metabolism. Liver enzyme interactions are a major cause of drug–
drug interactions.
9. Name the primary site of drug metabolism in the body.
A. Kidney
B. Lung
C. Liver
D. Intestine
Correct Answer: C. Liver
Explanation:
The liver contains a high concentration of metabolic enzymes. These enzymes
chemically alter drugs to make them easier to excrete. This process is known as
biotransformation. The liver’s role is essential in regulating drug levels in the body.
10. Name the primary organ responsible for the excretion of drugs from
the body.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
VERIFIED
1. Name the primary factor that affects how much drug is absorbed into
the bloodstream.
A. Drug color
B. Route of administration
C. Patient age
D. Time of day
Correct Answer: B. Route of administration
Explanation:
The route of administration determines how a drug enters the body and how quickly it
reaches systemic circulation. Some routes, such as intravenous, deliver drugs directly
into the bloodstream, resulting in complete absorption. Other routes, such as oral or
topical, involve barriers that reduce absorption. Therefore, the route greatly influences
drug bioavailability.
2. What is the name of the dosage form that makes drugs acid resistant
to prevent dissolution in the stomach?
A. Sustained-release tablet
B. Enteric coating
C. Liquid suspension
D. Transdermal patch
Correct Answer: B. Enteric coating
,Explanation:
Enteric coatings protect drugs from the acidic environment of the stomach. This allows
the medication to pass into the intestine before dissolving. Enteric coatings are often
used to prevent stomach irritation or protect drugs that are unstable in acid. Absorption
typically occurs in the small intestine.
3. True or False: Parenteral administration is a synonym for intravenous
administration.
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: B. False
Explanation:
Parenteral administration refers to all routes that bypass the gastrointestinal tract. This
includes intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intradermal routes. Intravenous
administration is only one type of parenteral route. Therefore, the two terms are not
synonymous.
4. True or False: Medications applied topically have a very consistent and
reliable absorption into the bloodstream.
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: B. False
Explanation:
Topical medications are absorbed through the skin, which acts as a strong barrier.
Factors such as skin thickness, hydration, and blood flow affect absorption. Because of
this variability, absorption is often inconsistent and unreliable. Topical drugs are usually
intended for local effects rather than systemic action.
5. True or False: Medications applied topically have very inconsistent and
unreliable absorption.
,A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: A. True
Explanation:
The skin’s barrier function makes drug absorption unpredictable. Environmental factors
and individual differences influence how much drug enters the bloodstream. This
variability is why topical drugs are not typically used when precise systemic dosing is
required. Their main use is localized treatment.
6. The term that refers to the transport of a drug by the bloodstream to
the site of action is called:
A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Metabolism
D. Excretion
Correct Answer: B. Distribution
Explanation:
Distribution occurs after a drug enters the bloodstream. It refers to the movement of the
drug from the blood to tissues and organs. Blood flow, tissue permeability, and protein
binding affect distribution. Highly perfused organs receive drugs more quickly.
7. Which organ would generally receive a drug first due to having a high
blood supply?
A. Skin
B. Muscle
C. Heart
D. Bone
Correct Answer: C. Heart
Explanation:
The heart receives a large portion of cardiac output. Organs with high blood flow, such
as the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain, are exposed to drugs early. This rapid delivery can
, lead to quicker pharmacological effects. Blood supply is a key determinant of drug
distribution.
8. Which statement regarding drug metabolism is true?
A. Drugs cannot act as substrates for liver enzymes
B. Enzyme inhibitors increase drug metabolism
C. Enzyme inducers increase drug metabolism
D. Liver enzymes rarely cause drug interactions
Correct Answer: C. Enzyme inducers increase drug metabolism
Explanation:
Enzyme inducers increase the activity of metabolic enzymes, particularly in the liver. This
results in faster drug breakdown and reduced drug levels. Enzyme inhibitors do the
opposite by slowing metabolism. Liver enzyme interactions are a major cause of drug–
drug interactions.
9. Name the primary site of drug metabolism in the body.
A. Kidney
B. Lung
C. Liver
D. Intestine
Correct Answer: C. Liver
Explanation:
The liver contains a high concentration of metabolic enzymes. These enzymes
chemically alter drugs to make them easier to excrete. This process is known as
biotransformation. The liver’s role is essential in regulating drug levels in the body.
10. Name the primary organ responsible for the excretion of drugs from
the body.
