NURS 6111 Exam 1 Questions and Correct Answers (New Update with Verified Answers)
Na normal lab value 135-145
K normal lab value 3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K excessive thirst, increased urination, muscle cramps,
fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, abnormal heart
rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by converting a strong acid or base to a weak
one
Types of hypersensitivity reactions Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE mediated reactions(allergic
reaction), rapid time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks healthy RBC
thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and cause tissue
damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do not involve
antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial infection
Prematurity baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age, multiple
pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clinical findings of
premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficulties
, RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) babies born before 28 weeks, caused by lack of
surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone
NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) babies born before 32 weeks, caused by damage and
inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and distended abdomen. Risk
factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) common between 1-4 months of age, most frequent
death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface, occurs in boys more
often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair of chromosomes.
Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The degree of mental
retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with Prader-Willi syndrome can be
rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to sudden changes in their routine. It can also
result in low muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities,
problem behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive eating and life-
threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects the heart, immune
system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents, DGS triad: conotruncal cardiac
anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip, hearing loss, learning
difficulties
Function of IgA antibody inhibit the passage of alien substances that attempt to enter the
circulatory system. mucosal immunity
function of IgE antibody protect against parasitic invasions and supervise allergic reactions
Function of IgG antibody -Long-term immunity
-protection of newborns during the first 6 months of life
Na normal lab value 135-145
K normal lab value 3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K excessive thirst, increased urination, muscle cramps,
fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, abnormal heart
rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by converting a strong acid or base to a weak
one
Types of hypersensitivity reactions Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE mediated reactions(allergic
reaction), rapid time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks healthy RBC
thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and cause tissue
damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do not involve
antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial infection
Prematurity baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age, multiple
pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clinical findings of
premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficulties
, RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) babies born before 28 weeks, caused by lack of
surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone
NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) babies born before 32 weeks, caused by damage and
inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and distended abdomen. Risk
factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) common between 1-4 months of age, most frequent
death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface, occurs in boys more
often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair of chromosomes.
Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The degree of mental
retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with Prader-Willi syndrome can be
rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to sudden changes in their routine. It can also
result in low muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities,
problem behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive eating and life-
threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects the heart, immune
system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents, DGS triad: conotruncal cardiac
anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip, hearing loss, learning
difficulties
Function of IgA antibody inhibit the passage of alien substances that attempt to enter the
circulatory system. mucosal immunity
function of IgE antibody protect against parasitic invasions and supervise allergic reactions
Function of IgG antibody -Long-term immunity
-protection of newborns during the first 6 months of life
