General Microbiology Test 1 (Questions
With Correct Answers) 2026
Biological classification system Three Domains ? - CORRECT ANSWER -Bacteria, Archea,
Eukaryotes
Biological classification system Microbe naming conventions? - CORRECT ANSWER -Genus= 1st
name; Species= 2nd name
What sort of information can we get from microscopy? - CORRECT ANSWER -Shape of the
bacteria after staining and whether is it gram negative or gram positive
What sort of information can we get from culture? - CORRECT ANSWER -Culture tells you what
makes the bacteria grow metabolism,growth, ecology
Koch's Postulates #1 - CORRECT ANSWER -1)Microbe must be present in every case of a disease
but absent from healthy organisms
Koch's Postulates #2 - CORRECT ANSWER -2)The suspected must be isolated in grown in pure
culture
Koch's Postulates #3 - CORRECT ANSWER -3)The same disease results when the isolated
microbe is inoculated into a healthy host.
Koch's Postulates #4 - CORRECT ANSWER -4) The same microbes must be isolated again from
the healthy host
Five properties of life ? - CORRECT ANSWER -1)Organization
,2)Maintanence of homestasis
3)Adaptation/response to stimuli
4)Metabolism
5)Reproduction
Difference bt prokaryotes and Eukaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER -Prokaryotes have no internal
compartmentilization (bacteria and archea)
Eukaryotes have internal compartmentilzation w/ enclosed membranes (animals, plants, fungi
and protists)
Parts of eukaryotic cells ? - CORRECT ANSWER -Cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm,
ribosomes, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria
Functions of eukaryotic cells ?Part 1 - CORRECT ANSWER -Cell Wall- present in plants and fungi;
absent in animals and protozoa
Cytoplasmic membrane-permeability barrier
Cytoplasm-soup of enzymes and proteins within the cytoplasmic membrane
Mitochondria/Chloroplast-powerhouse of the cell
Functions of eukaryotic cells ? Part 2 - CORRECT ANSWER -Ribosomes-traslation appartus
Nucleus-membrane bound structure where DNA is stored
Endoplasmic reticulum-Modifies proteins made by the ribosomes, transfers proteins to the golgi
apparatus
Golgi apparatus- Mail center
Parts of the prokaryotic cells? - CORRECT ANSWER -Cell Wall, capsule, cytoplasmic membrane,
cytoplasm,inclusions, nucleoid, plasmid, ribosomes, endospores
, Functions of prokaryotic cells ? Part 1 - CORRECT ANSWER -Cell wall-rigid structure that
provides support and protection from unwanted osmosis
Capsule-slime layer (extra protection)
Cytoplasmic membrane-permeability layer (defines the cell)nutrient and
waste,transport,detection of environmental cues.
Cytoplasm-soup of enzymes and proteins within the cytoplasmic membrane
Funtions of prokaryotic cells? Part 2 - CORRECT ANSWER -Inclusions-storage granules, not
always present
Nucleoid-mass of DNA
Plasmid-small pieces of circular DNA that are not part of the nucleoid
Ribosomes- translation appartus
Endospores- Differentiated cells that are heat and chemical resistant
Basic bacterial morphology? - CORRECT ANSWER -coccus- circular
coccobacillus- oval
bacillius-rod shaped
vibrio- sideways v shape
spirochete-sqwiggle line
Structure of the cytoplasmic membrane prokaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER -Phospholipid
bilayer: fatty acids point inwards in a hydrophobic environment, glycerol portions point
outwards in hydrophilic environment.
Membrane proteins: surfaces exposed on both sides of the cell.
Structure of the cytoplasmic membrane eukaryotes ? - CORRECT ANSWER -Basically the same as
the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane with one important exception
Contains sterols (like cholesterol) in the phospholipid bilayer
With Correct Answers) 2026
Biological classification system Three Domains ? - CORRECT ANSWER -Bacteria, Archea,
Eukaryotes
Biological classification system Microbe naming conventions? - CORRECT ANSWER -Genus= 1st
name; Species= 2nd name
What sort of information can we get from microscopy? - CORRECT ANSWER -Shape of the
bacteria after staining and whether is it gram negative or gram positive
What sort of information can we get from culture? - CORRECT ANSWER -Culture tells you what
makes the bacteria grow metabolism,growth, ecology
Koch's Postulates #1 - CORRECT ANSWER -1)Microbe must be present in every case of a disease
but absent from healthy organisms
Koch's Postulates #2 - CORRECT ANSWER -2)The suspected must be isolated in grown in pure
culture
Koch's Postulates #3 - CORRECT ANSWER -3)The same disease results when the isolated
microbe is inoculated into a healthy host.
Koch's Postulates #4 - CORRECT ANSWER -4) The same microbes must be isolated again from
the healthy host
Five properties of life ? - CORRECT ANSWER -1)Organization
,2)Maintanence of homestasis
3)Adaptation/response to stimuli
4)Metabolism
5)Reproduction
Difference bt prokaryotes and Eukaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER -Prokaryotes have no internal
compartmentilization (bacteria and archea)
Eukaryotes have internal compartmentilzation w/ enclosed membranes (animals, plants, fungi
and protists)
Parts of eukaryotic cells ? - CORRECT ANSWER -Cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm,
ribosomes, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria
Functions of eukaryotic cells ?Part 1 - CORRECT ANSWER -Cell Wall- present in plants and fungi;
absent in animals and protozoa
Cytoplasmic membrane-permeability barrier
Cytoplasm-soup of enzymes and proteins within the cytoplasmic membrane
Mitochondria/Chloroplast-powerhouse of the cell
Functions of eukaryotic cells ? Part 2 - CORRECT ANSWER -Ribosomes-traslation appartus
Nucleus-membrane bound structure where DNA is stored
Endoplasmic reticulum-Modifies proteins made by the ribosomes, transfers proteins to the golgi
apparatus
Golgi apparatus- Mail center
Parts of the prokaryotic cells? - CORRECT ANSWER -Cell Wall, capsule, cytoplasmic membrane,
cytoplasm,inclusions, nucleoid, plasmid, ribosomes, endospores
, Functions of prokaryotic cells ? Part 1 - CORRECT ANSWER -Cell wall-rigid structure that
provides support and protection from unwanted osmosis
Capsule-slime layer (extra protection)
Cytoplasmic membrane-permeability layer (defines the cell)nutrient and
waste,transport,detection of environmental cues.
Cytoplasm-soup of enzymes and proteins within the cytoplasmic membrane
Funtions of prokaryotic cells? Part 2 - CORRECT ANSWER -Inclusions-storage granules, not
always present
Nucleoid-mass of DNA
Plasmid-small pieces of circular DNA that are not part of the nucleoid
Ribosomes- translation appartus
Endospores- Differentiated cells that are heat and chemical resistant
Basic bacterial morphology? - CORRECT ANSWER -coccus- circular
coccobacillus- oval
bacillius-rod shaped
vibrio- sideways v shape
spirochete-sqwiggle line
Structure of the cytoplasmic membrane prokaryotes? - CORRECT ANSWER -Phospholipid
bilayer: fatty acids point inwards in a hydrophobic environment, glycerol portions point
outwards in hydrophilic environment.
Membrane proteins: surfaces exposed on both sides of the cell.
Structure of the cytoplasmic membrane eukaryotes ? - CORRECT ANSWER -Basically the same as
the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane with one important exception
Contains sterols (like cholesterol) in the phospholipid bilayer
