NUR2755 MULTIDIMENSIONAL CARE
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PRACTICE
SOLUTION EXAM REVIEW 2026
GUARANTEED TO PASS.
◍ brain herniation.Answer:condition where pressure builds in the
cranial vault, pressing down on the brainstem.
- cause: excessive increase in ICP.
- complications: irreversible brain anoxia & death.
- treatment: osmotic diuretics, O2 support, sedation, decompressive
craniectomy, ventricular drainage.
◍ syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH).Answer:result of excessive secretion of ADH.
- S/S: volume overload, oliguria, hyponatremia.
- treatment: fluid restriction (<800 mL/day), careful administration of
3% NaCl (severe).
◍ neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI).Answer:decreased secretion of
ADH.
- S/S: polyuria.
- treatment: DDAVP.
,◍ preoperative supra-/infratentorial surgery interventions.Answer:-
medical: antiepileptics, corticosteroids, fluid restrictions, (osmotic)
diuretics, antibiotics, anxiolytics.
- nursing: baseline H2T assessment, pt/family education, surgical prep
& shower, IV line & foley, on-call abx.
◍ postoperative supra-/infratentorial surgery interventions.Answer:-
medical: arterial line, intubation, supplemental O2, pain management,
prevent seizure.
- nursing: H2T assessment, VS, assessment of infection, monitor ICP
& neuro status.
◍ preoperative transsphenoidal surgery interventions.Answer:-
medical: endocrine tests, rhinologic eval, neuroradiologic studies,
funduscopic exam, visual field determinations, nasopharyngeal
secretion cx, corticosteroids.
- nursing: education on deep breathing, avoid actions that increase
pressure at surgical site and may cause CSF leak (e.g., vigorous
coughing, nose-blowing, sucking through straw, sneezing).
◍ postoperative transsphenoidal surgery interventions.Answer:-
medical: goal is to prevent infection & promote healing; abx,
corticosteroids, analgesics, DI meds prn.
- nursing: VS, assessment of visual acuity & fields, elevate HOB, no
forced air effort, I&Os to monitor endocrine changes, nasal packing
checked for CSF leak (3-4 days).
◍ delirium.Answer:an acutely disturbed state of mind.
, - sudden (hours to weeks), reversible.
- causes: infection, intoxication, recent surgery, serious illness.
- S/S: restlessness, illusions, incoherence of thought & speech.
◍ dementia.Answer:a progressive decline in mental ablities.
- gradual, irreversible.
- S/S: decline in cognition (memory, thinking, judgment) &
personality changes.
◍ pseudobulbar affect.Answer:inappropriate or exaggerated
emotional expression, usually as episodes of laughing or crying.
- associated with brain injury (e.g., CVA, TBI, MS, ALS, AD, PD).
- complications: embarrassment, anxiety, depression, impaired QOL.
- treatment: dextromethorphan, antidepressants.
◍ seizure.Answer:episodes of excessive, abnormal amounts of
electrical activity in the brain.
- types: partial (complex, simple), generalized (atonic, myoclonic,
tonic, clonic, tonic-clonic).
- treatment: benzos, vagal/responsive nerve stimulators, deep brain
stimulators, LiTT procedure (MRI-guided deep nerve cauterization).
- interventions: during seizure, observe and document time, length,
and characteristics, protect patient, do not restrain or place anything
into mouth, maintain airway, turn to prevent aspiration; after seizure,
monitor LOC & motor ability to return to baseline.
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PRACTICE
SOLUTION EXAM REVIEW 2026
GUARANTEED TO PASS.
◍ brain herniation.Answer:condition where pressure builds in the
cranial vault, pressing down on the brainstem.
- cause: excessive increase in ICP.
- complications: irreversible brain anoxia & death.
- treatment: osmotic diuretics, O2 support, sedation, decompressive
craniectomy, ventricular drainage.
◍ syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH).Answer:result of excessive secretion of ADH.
- S/S: volume overload, oliguria, hyponatremia.
- treatment: fluid restriction (<800 mL/day), careful administration of
3% NaCl (severe).
◍ neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI).Answer:decreased secretion of
ADH.
- S/S: polyuria.
- treatment: DDAVP.
,◍ preoperative supra-/infratentorial surgery interventions.Answer:-
medical: antiepileptics, corticosteroids, fluid restrictions, (osmotic)
diuretics, antibiotics, anxiolytics.
- nursing: baseline H2T assessment, pt/family education, surgical prep
& shower, IV line & foley, on-call abx.
◍ postoperative supra-/infratentorial surgery interventions.Answer:-
medical: arterial line, intubation, supplemental O2, pain management,
prevent seizure.
- nursing: H2T assessment, VS, assessment of infection, monitor ICP
& neuro status.
◍ preoperative transsphenoidal surgery interventions.Answer:-
medical: endocrine tests, rhinologic eval, neuroradiologic studies,
funduscopic exam, visual field determinations, nasopharyngeal
secretion cx, corticosteroids.
- nursing: education on deep breathing, avoid actions that increase
pressure at surgical site and may cause CSF leak (e.g., vigorous
coughing, nose-blowing, sucking through straw, sneezing).
◍ postoperative transsphenoidal surgery interventions.Answer:-
medical: goal is to prevent infection & promote healing; abx,
corticosteroids, analgesics, DI meds prn.
- nursing: VS, assessment of visual acuity & fields, elevate HOB, no
forced air effort, I&Os to monitor endocrine changes, nasal packing
checked for CSF leak (3-4 days).
◍ delirium.Answer:an acutely disturbed state of mind.
, - sudden (hours to weeks), reversible.
- causes: infection, intoxication, recent surgery, serious illness.
- S/S: restlessness, illusions, incoherence of thought & speech.
◍ dementia.Answer:a progressive decline in mental ablities.
- gradual, irreversible.
- S/S: decline in cognition (memory, thinking, judgment) &
personality changes.
◍ pseudobulbar affect.Answer:inappropriate or exaggerated
emotional expression, usually as episodes of laughing or crying.
- associated with brain injury (e.g., CVA, TBI, MS, ALS, AD, PD).
- complications: embarrassment, anxiety, depression, impaired QOL.
- treatment: dextromethorphan, antidepressants.
◍ seizure.Answer:episodes of excessive, abnormal amounts of
electrical activity in the brain.
- types: partial (complex, simple), generalized (atonic, myoclonic,
tonic, clonic, tonic-clonic).
- treatment: benzos, vagal/responsive nerve stimulators, deep brain
stimulators, LiTT procedure (MRI-guided deep nerve cauterization).
- interventions: during seizure, observe and document time, length,
and characteristics, protect patient, do not restrain or place anything
into mouth, maintain airway, turn to prevent aspiration; after seizure,
monitor LOC & motor ability to return to baseline.
