Nursedocs@2023
,Nursedocs@2023
Pathophysiology, 7th Edition#z #z
Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
#z #z #z #z
Banasik:
#z
MULTIPLE #zCHOICE
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic
Streptococcus and subsequently developeda pharyngeal
infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral
temperature of 102.3F, skin rash, dysphagia, and
reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He
complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A
throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and
antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s
disease is
a. a sore throat.
b. streptococcal infection.
c. genetic susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat
is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited
tendency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a
clinical manifestation of the disease process.
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes
meningitis. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
for susceptible individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early
detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and
exercise program. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
,Nursedocs@2023
as #zprescribing #zdiet #zand #zexercise #zfor #zan #zindividual #zwho #zhas #zalready #zdeveloped
#zobesity. #zPrimary #zprevention #zis #zprevention #zof #zdisease #zby #zaltering #zsusceptibility #zor
#zreducing #zexposure #zfor #zsusceptible #zindividuals. #zTertiary #zprevention #zincludes
#zrehabilitative #zand #zsupportive #zcare #zand #zattempts #zto #zalleviate #zdisability #zand #zrestore
#zeffective #zfunctioning. #zDisease #ztreatment #zinvolves #zmanagement #zof #zthe #zdisease #zonce #zit
#zhas #zdeveloped.
4. A #zpatient #zwith #zhigh #zblood #zpressure #zwho #zis #zotherwise #zhealthy #zis #zcounseled #zto #zrestrict
#zsodium #zintake. #zThis #zis #zan #zexample #zof
a. primary #zprevention.
b. secondary #zprevention.
c. tertiary #zprevention.
d. disease #ztreatment.
ANS: # z B
Secondary #zprevention #zis #zthe #zearly #zdetection, #zscreening, #zand #zmanagement #zof #zthe #zdisease,
#zsuch #zas #zby #zprescribing #zsodium #zrestriction #zfor #zhigh #zblood #zpressure. #zPrimary
#zprevention #zis #zprevention #zof #zdisease #zby #zaltering #zsusceptibility #zor #zreducing #zexposure
#zfor #zsusceptible #zindividuals. #zTertiary #zprevention #zincludes #zrehabilitative #zand #zsupportive
#zcare #zand #zattempts #zto #zalleviate #zdisability #zand #zrestore #zeffective #zfunctioning. #zDisease
#ztreatment #zinvolves #zmanagement #zof #zthe #zdisease #zonce #zit #zhas #zdeveloped.
5. After #zsuffering #za #zheart #zattack, #za #zmiddle-aged #zman #zis #zcounseled #zto #ztake #za #zcholesterol-
lowering #zmedication. #zThis #zis #zan #zexample #zof
a. primary #zprevention.
b. secondary #zprevention.
c. tertiary #zprevention.
d. disease #ztreatment.
ANS: # z C
Tertiary #zprevention #zincludes #zrehabilitative #zand #zsupportive #zcare #zand #zattempts #zto
#zalleviate #zdisability #zand #zrestore #zeffective #zfunctioning #zsuch #zas #zprescribing #za
#zcholesterol-lowering
medication #zfollowing #za #zheart #zattack. #zPrimary #zprevention #zis #zprevention #zof #zdisease #zby #zaltering
N #zRU#zI #zG
S#zB.CN T O
#zsusceptibility #zor #zreducing # z ex p o s u r e #zf o r #zs usceptib le #zindividuals. #zSecondary #zprevention #zis
#zthe
early#zdetection, #zscreening, #zand #zmanagement #zof #zthe #zdisease. #zDisease #ztreatment #zinvolves
#zmanagement #zof #zthe #zdisease #zonce #zit #zhas #zdeveloped.
6. A #zpatient #zhas #zbeen #zexposed #zto #zmeningococcal #zmeningitis, #zbut #zis #znot #zyet
#zdemonstrating #zsigns #zof #zthis #zdisease. #zThis #zstage #zof #zillness #zis #zcalled #zthe stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: # z B
Incubation #zrefers #zto #zthe #zinterval #zbetween #zexposure #zof #za #ztissue #zto #zan #zinjurious #zagent
#zand #zthe #zfirst #zappearance #zof #zsigns #zand #zsymptoms. #z In #zinfectious #zdiseases, #zthis #zperiod #zis
#zoften #zcalled #zthe #zincubation #z(latent) #zperiod. #zProdromal #zrefers #zto #zthe #zappearance #zof #zthe
#zfirst #zsigns #zand #zsymptoms #zindicating #zthe #zonset #zof #za #zdisease. #zThese #zare #zoften
#znonspecific, #zsuch #zas #zheadache, #zmalaise, #zanorexia, #zand #znausea, #zwhich #zare #zassociated
#zwith #za #znumber #zof #zdifferent #zdiseases.
Sequela #zrefers #zto #zsubsequent #zpathologic #zcondition #zresulting #zfrom #za #zdisease.
#zConvalescence #zis #zthe #zstage #zof #zrecovery #zafter #za #zdisease, #zinjury, #zor #zsurgical #zoperation.
, Nursedocs@2023
7. A #zdisease #zthat #zis #znative #zto #za #zparticular #zregion #zis #zcalled
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS: # z B
A #zdisease #zthat #zis #znative #zto #za #zparticular #zregion #zis #zcalled #zendemic. #zAn #zepidemic #zis #za
#zdisease #zthat #zspreads #zto #zmany #zindividuals #zat #zthe #zsame #ztime. #zPandemics #zare #zepidemics
#zthat #zaffect #zlarge #zgeographic #zregions, #zperhaps #zspreading #zworldwide.
8. In #zgeneral, #zwith #zaging, #zorgan #zsize #zand #zfunction
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain #zthe #zsame.
d. are #zunknown.
ANS: # z B
In #zgeneral, #zwith #zaging, #zorgan #zsize #zand #zfunction #zdecrease.
9. The #zstage #zduring #zwhich #zthe #zpatient #zfunctions #znormally, #zalthough #zthe #zdisease
#zprocesses #zare #zwell #zestablished, #zis #zreferred #zto #zas
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: # z B
The #zstage #zduring #zwhich #zthe #zpatient #zfunctions #znormally, #zalthough #zthe #zdisease
#zprocesses #zare #zwell #zestablished, #zis #zcalled #zthe #zsubclinical #zstage. #zThe #zinterval #zbetween
NirU
#zexposure #zof #za #ztissue #zto #zan #zinjurious #zagent #zand #zthe #zf st R
apSpI
eaNraGnT
ceBo.
f #zC
sigOnM
s #z and
#zsymptoms #zmay #zbe #zcalled #za #zlatent
period #zor, #zin #zthe #zcase #zof #zinfectious #zdiseases, #zan #zincubation #zperiod. #zThe #zprodromal #zperiod,
#zor
prodrome, #zrefers #zto #zthe #zappearance #zof #zthe #zfirst #zsigns #zand #zsymptoms #zindicating #zthe #zonset
#zof #za #zdisease. #zConvalescence #zis #zthe #zstage #zof #zrecovery #zafter #za #zdisease, #zinjury, #zor #zsurgical
#zoperation.
MULTIPLE #zRESPONSE
1. Your #zpatient’s #zred #zblood #zcell #zis #zslightly #zelevated #ztoday. #zThis #zmight #zbe #zexplained #zby
#z(Select #zall #zthat #zapply.)
a. gender #zdifference.
b. situational #zfactors.
c. normal #zvariation.
d. cultural #zvariation.
e. illness.
ANS: # z A, #zB, #zC, #zE
Gender, #zsituations #z(e.g., #zaltitude), #znormal #zvariations, #zand #zillness #zmay #zall #zdetermine #zred
#zblood #zcell #zcount. #zCulture #zaffects #zhow #zmanifestations #zare #zperceived #z(normal #zversus
#zabnormal).
,Nursedocs@2023
Pathophysiology, 7th Edition#z #z
Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
#z #z #z #z
Banasik:
#z
MULTIPLE #zCHOICE
1. C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic
Streptococcus and subsequently developeda pharyngeal
infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral
temperature of 102.3F, skin rash, dysphagia, and
reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He
complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A
throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and
antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.’s
disease is
a. a sore throat.
b. streptococcal infection.
c. genetic susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS: B
Etiology refers to the proposed cause or causes of a particular disease process. A sore throat
is the manifestation of the disease process. Genetic susceptibility refers to inherited
tendency to develop a disease. Pharyngitis refers to inflammation of the throat and is also a
clinical manifestation of the disease process.
2. A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes
meningitis. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: A
Primary prevention is prevention of disease by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
for susceptible individuals by providing vaccination. Secondary prevention is the early
detection, screening, and management of the disease. Tertiary prevention includes
rehabilitative and supportive care and attempts to alleviate disability and restore effective
functioning. Disease treatment involves management of the disease once it has developed.
3. An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and
exercise program. This is an example of
a. primary prevention.
b. secondary prevention.
c. tertiary prevention.
d. disease treatment.
ANS: B
Secondary prevention is the early detection, screening, and management of the disease such
,Nursedocs@2023
as #zprescribing #zdiet #zand #zexercise #zfor #zan #zindividual #zwho #zhas #zalready #zdeveloped
#zobesity. #zPrimary #zprevention #zis #zprevention #zof #zdisease #zby #zaltering #zsusceptibility #zor
#zreducing #zexposure #zfor #zsusceptible #zindividuals. #zTertiary #zprevention #zincludes
#zrehabilitative #zand #zsupportive #zcare #zand #zattempts #zto #zalleviate #zdisability #zand #zrestore
#zeffective #zfunctioning. #zDisease #ztreatment #zinvolves #zmanagement #zof #zthe #zdisease #zonce #zit
#zhas #zdeveloped.
4. A #zpatient #zwith #zhigh #zblood #zpressure #zwho #zis #zotherwise #zhealthy #zis #zcounseled #zto #zrestrict
#zsodium #zintake. #zThis #zis #zan #zexample #zof
a. primary #zprevention.
b. secondary #zprevention.
c. tertiary #zprevention.
d. disease #ztreatment.
ANS: # z B
Secondary #zprevention #zis #zthe #zearly #zdetection, #zscreening, #zand #zmanagement #zof #zthe #zdisease,
#zsuch #zas #zby #zprescribing #zsodium #zrestriction #zfor #zhigh #zblood #zpressure. #zPrimary
#zprevention #zis #zprevention #zof #zdisease #zby #zaltering #zsusceptibility #zor #zreducing #zexposure
#zfor #zsusceptible #zindividuals. #zTertiary #zprevention #zincludes #zrehabilitative #zand #zsupportive
#zcare #zand #zattempts #zto #zalleviate #zdisability #zand #zrestore #zeffective #zfunctioning. #zDisease
#ztreatment #zinvolves #zmanagement #zof #zthe #zdisease #zonce #zit #zhas #zdeveloped.
5. After #zsuffering #za #zheart #zattack, #za #zmiddle-aged #zman #zis #zcounseled #zto #ztake #za #zcholesterol-
lowering #zmedication. #zThis #zis #zan #zexample #zof
a. primary #zprevention.
b. secondary #zprevention.
c. tertiary #zprevention.
d. disease #ztreatment.
ANS: # z C
Tertiary #zprevention #zincludes #zrehabilitative #zand #zsupportive #zcare #zand #zattempts #zto
#zalleviate #zdisability #zand #zrestore #zeffective #zfunctioning #zsuch #zas #zprescribing #za
#zcholesterol-lowering
medication #zfollowing #za #zheart #zattack. #zPrimary #zprevention #zis #zprevention #zof #zdisease #zby #zaltering
N #zRU#zI #zG
S#zB.CN T O
#zsusceptibility #zor #zreducing # z ex p o s u r e #zf o r #zs usceptib le #zindividuals. #zSecondary #zprevention #zis
#zthe
early#zdetection, #zscreening, #zand #zmanagement #zof #zthe #zdisease. #zDisease #ztreatment #zinvolves
#zmanagement #zof #zthe #zdisease #zonce #zit #zhas #zdeveloped.
6. A #zpatient #zhas #zbeen #zexposed #zto #zmeningococcal #zmeningitis, #zbut #zis #znot #zyet
#zdemonstrating #zsigns #zof #zthis #zdisease. #zThis #zstage #zof #zillness #zis #zcalled #zthe stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS: # z B
Incubation #zrefers #zto #zthe #zinterval #zbetween #zexposure #zof #za #ztissue #zto #zan #zinjurious #zagent
#zand #zthe #zfirst #zappearance #zof #zsigns #zand #zsymptoms. #z In #zinfectious #zdiseases, #zthis #zperiod #zis
#zoften #zcalled #zthe #zincubation #z(latent) #zperiod. #zProdromal #zrefers #zto #zthe #zappearance #zof #zthe
#zfirst #zsigns #zand #zsymptoms #zindicating #zthe #zonset #zof #za #zdisease. #zThese #zare #zoften
#znonspecific, #zsuch #zas #zheadache, #zmalaise, #zanorexia, #zand #znausea, #zwhich #zare #zassociated
#zwith #za #znumber #zof #zdifferent #zdiseases.
Sequela #zrefers #zto #zsubsequent #zpathologic #zcondition #zresulting #zfrom #za #zdisease.
#zConvalescence #zis #zthe #zstage #zof #zrecovery #zafter #za #zdisease, #zinjury, #zor #zsurgical #zoperation.
, Nursedocs@2023
7. A #zdisease #zthat #zis #znative #zto #za #zparticular #zregion #zis #zcalled
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
ANS: # z B
A #zdisease #zthat #zis #znative #zto #za #zparticular #zregion #zis #zcalled #zendemic. #zAn #zepidemic #zis #za
#zdisease #zthat #zspreads #zto #zmany #zindividuals #zat #zthe #zsame #ztime. #zPandemics #zare #zepidemics
#zthat #zaffect #zlarge #zgeographic #zregions, #zperhaps #zspreading #zworldwide.
8. In #zgeneral, #zwith #zaging, #zorgan #zsize #zand #zfunction
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain #zthe #zsame.
d. are #zunknown.
ANS: # z B
In #zgeneral, #zwith #zaging, #zorgan #zsize #zand #zfunction #zdecrease.
9. The #zstage #zduring #zwhich #zthe #zpatient #zfunctions #znormally, #zalthough #zthe #zdisease
#zprocesses #zare #zwell #zestablished, #zis #zreferred #zto #zas
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS: # z B
The #zstage #zduring #zwhich #zthe #zpatient #zfunctions #znormally, #zalthough #zthe #zdisease
#zprocesses #zare #zwell #zestablished, #zis #zcalled #zthe #zsubclinical #zstage. #zThe #zinterval #zbetween
NirU
#zexposure #zof #za #ztissue #zto #zan #zinjurious #zagent #zand #zthe #zf st R
apSpI
eaNraGnT
ceBo.
f #zC
sigOnM
s #z and
#zsymptoms #zmay #zbe #zcalled #za #zlatent
period #zor, #zin #zthe #zcase #zof #zinfectious #zdiseases, #zan #zincubation #zperiod. #zThe #zprodromal #zperiod,
#zor
prodrome, #zrefers #zto #zthe #zappearance #zof #zthe #zfirst #zsigns #zand #zsymptoms #zindicating #zthe #zonset
#zof #za #zdisease. #zConvalescence #zis #zthe #zstage #zof #zrecovery #zafter #za #zdisease, #zinjury, #zor #zsurgical
#zoperation.
MULTIPLE #zRESPONSE
1. Your #zpatient’s #zred #zblood #zcell #zis #zslightly #zelevated #ztoday. #zThis #zmight #zbe #zexplained #zby
#z(Select #zall #zthat #zapply.)
a. gender #zdifference.
b. situational #zfactors.
c. normal #zvariation.
d. cultural #zvariation.
e. illness.
ANS: # z A, #zB, #zC, #zE
Gender, #zsituations #z(e.g., #zaltitude), #znormal #zvariations, #zand #zillness #zmay #zall #zdetermine #zred
#zblood #zcell #zcount. #zCulture #zaffects #zhow #zmanifestations #zare #zperceived #z(normal #zversus
#zabnormal).
