UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA||CMN 548 MODULE 2 || 2026.2027
CMN 548 Module 2 Study Guide
CMN 548 MODULE 2 EXAM STUDY GUIDE SET
COMPLETE WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS || VERIFIED
EXAM QUESTIONS
,\Q\.What is the most reliable indicator of a patients blood sugar status if they have been
taking a 2nd generation antipsychotic?
-Fasting blood glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (hemoglobin A1C)
-these medications can cause abnormal glucose tolerating and may lead to diabetes.
\Q\.agents associated with abnormalities in serum glucose levels, including development of
diabetes melitus and hyperglycemia , monitoring levels on a quarterly or semiannual basis
atypical antipsychotics
\Q\.how often to monitor hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood glucose for 2nd generation
antipsychotics?
monitor at 12 weeks, 1 year, then annually
\Q\.how long can alcohol be detected in urine?
7-12 hours..table says 12 hours for light drinking
\Q\.how long can marijuana be detected in urine?
2-7 days - for single use
..or 30-60 days- for chronic use
\Q\.how long can benzodiazepines be detected in urine?
3 days.-for short acting benzodiazepines (ex: Xanax, Ativan)
..or up to 40 days-long-acting benzodiazepines (ex: librium, diazepam)
\Q\.how long can amphetamines be detected in urine?
,48-72 hours (2-3 days)
\Q\.what are some likely causes of a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?
1. liver failure (severe liver disease) such as that resulting from hepatitis, drugs, or poisoning
2. Acromegaly
3. Malnutrition, low-protein/high carb diets
4. Impaired absorption (celiac disease)
5. Nephrotic syndrome (occasional)
6. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
\Q\.Interfering factors for causes of decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
-women and children because they have less muscle mass than adult men
-overhydration (Exclusive IV feedings)
-late pregnancy r/t increased plasma volume (physiologic hydremia)
-many drugs
\Q\.drug to increase BUN levels
lithium antipsychotics
\Q\.Elevated BUN indications:
Kidney dysfunction, and symptoms may include fatigue, swelling (Edema), frequent urination,
confusion, dry mouth and excessive thirst, pale skin, and rapid heart rate as the body
compensates for reduced kidney function \Q\.Elevated BUN is common with dehydration
\Q\.psych drugs linked to elevated BUN
-lithium
-second gen (atypical) antipsychotics- olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone
-antidepressants-fluoxetine (prozac) and amitriptyline (elavil)
\Q\.What do basophils do?
constitute a small percentage of the total leukocyte count and are
considered phagocytic. \Q\.what do basophils contain?
heparin, histamines, and serotonin.
\Q\.what are tissue basophils called
mast cells and are similar to blood basophils. Normally, mast cells are not
found in peripheral blood and are rarely seen in healthy bone marrow.
\Q\.Basophil counts are used to study what?
chronic inflammation
\Q\.basophil normal findings-absolute count:
, 15 to 50/mm3 or 0.02 to 0.05 Å~ 10 9 /L
\Q\.Normal findings: basophil differential:
0% to 1.0% of total WBC count
\Q\.basophilia (>50) common associations:
granulocytic leukemia, acute basophilic leukemia, myeloid metaplasia,
meta proliferative disorders, Hodkin disease.
\Q\.basophilia (>50) LESS common associations:
Inflammation, allergy, sinusitis, polycythemia vera, chronic hemolytic anemia, post-
splenectomy, post-ionizing radiation, hypothyroidism, infections (TB, smallpox,
chickenpox, influenza), foreign protein injection
\Q\.Basopenia (<20, difficult to diagnose)
Acute phase of infection, hyperthyroidism, stress reactions (pregnancy, MI), prolonged
steroid therapy, chemotherapy, radiation, hereditary absence, acute rheumatic fever in
children
\Q\.Identify what might create a false positive blood sugar value above 140?
a. Steroids, diuretics, other drugs (see Appendix E)
b. Pregnancy (a slight blood glucose elevation normally occurs)
c. Surgical procedures, anesthesia, and hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU)
d. Obesity or sedentary lifestyle
e. Parenteral glucose administration (e.g., from total parenteral nutrition)
f. Intravenous (IV) glucose (recent or current)
g. Heavy smoking
\Q\.what is the dawn phenomenon occur in?
both non-insulin-dependent and insulindependent diabetes
mellitus.
\Q\.what happens during the dawn phenomenon?
There is an increase in blood glucose, typically between
4:00 a.m. and 8:00 a.m., due to counter-regulatory hormones, including growth hormone,
cortisol, and glucagon.
\Q\.Dawn phenomenon happens at what time?
CMN 548 Module 2 Study Guide
CMN 548 MODULE 2 EXAM STUDY GUIDE SET
COMPLETE WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS || VERIFIED
EXAM QUESTIONS
,\Q\.What is the most reliable indicator of a patients blood sugar status if they have been
taking a 2nd generation antipsychotic?
-Fasting blood glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (hemoglobin A1C)
-these medications can cause abnormal glucose tolerating and may lead to diabetes.
\Q\.agents associated with abnormalities in serum glucose levels, including development of
diabetes melitus and hyperglycemia , monitoring levels on a quarterly or semiannual basis
atypical antipsychotics
\Q\.how often to monitor hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood glucose for 2nd generation
antipsychotics?
monitor at 12 weeks, 1 year, then annually
\Q\.how long can alcohol be detected in urine?
7-12 hours..table says 12 hours for light drinking
\Q\.how long can marijuana be detected in urine?
2-7 days - for single use
..or 30-60 days- for chronic use
\Q\.how long can benzodiazepines be detected in urine?
3 days.-for short acting benzodiazepines (ex: Xanax, Ativan)
..or up to 40 days-long-acting benzodiazepines (ex: librium, diazepam)
\Q\.how long can amphetamines be detected in urine?
,48-72 hours (2-3 days)
\Q\.what are some likely causes of a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?
1. liver failure (severe liver disease) such as that resulting from hepatitis, drugs, or poisoning
2. Acromegaly
3. Malnutrition, low-protein/high carb diets
4. Impaired absorption (celiac disease)
5. Nephrotic syndrome (occasional)
6. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
\Q\.Interfering factors for causes of decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
-women and children because they have less muscle mass than adult men
-overhydration (Exclusive IV feedings)
-late pregnancy r/t increased plasma volume (physiologic hydremia)
-many drugs
\Q\.drug to increase BUN levels
lithium antipsychotics
\Q\.Elevated BUN indications:
Kidney dysfunction, and symptoms may include fatigue, swelling (Edema), frequent urination,
confusion, dry mouth and excessive thirst, pale skin, and rapid heart rate as the body
compensates for reduced kidney function \Q\.Elevated BUN is common with dehydration
\Q\.psych drugs linked to elevated BUN
-lithium
-second gen (atypical) antipsychotics- olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone
-antidepressants-fluoxetine (prozac) and amitriptyline (elavil)
\Q\.What do basophils do?
constitute a small percentage of the total leukocyte count and are
considered phagocytic. \Q\.what do basophils contain?
heparin, histamines, and serotonin.
\Q\.what are tissue basophils called
mast cells and are similar to blood basophils. Normally, mast cells are not
found in peripheral blood and are rarely seen in healthy bone marrow.
\Q\.Basophil counts are used to study what?
chronic inflammation
\Q\.basophil normal findings-absolute count:
, 15 to 50/mm3 or 0.02 to 0.05 Å~ 10 9 /L
\Q\.Normal findings: basophil differential:
0% to 1.0% of total WBC count
\Q\.basophilia (>50) common associations:
granulocytic leukemia, acute basophilic leukemia, myeloid metaplasia,
meta proliferative disorders, Hodkin disease.
\Q\.basophilia (>50) LESS common associations:
Inflammation, allergy, sinusitis, polycythemia vera, chronic hemolytic anemia, post-
splenectomy, post-ionizing radiation, hypothyroidism, infections (TB, smallpox,
chickenpox, influenza), foreign protein injection
\Q\.Basopenia (<20, difficult to diagnose)
Acute phase of infection, hyperthyroidism, stress reactions (pregnancy, MI), prolonged
steroid therapy, chemotherapy, radiation, hereditary absence, acute rheumatic fever in
children
\Q\.Identify what might create a false positive blood sugar value above 140?
a. Steroids, diuretics, other drugs (see Appendix E)
b. Pregnancy (a slight blood glucose elevation normally occurs)
c. Surgical procedures, anesthesia, and hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU)
d. Obesity or sedentary lifestyle
e. Parenteral glucose administration (e.g., from total parenteral nutrition)
f. Intravenous (IV) glucose (recent or current)
g. Heavy smoking
\Q\.what is the dawn phenomenon occur in?
both non-insulin-dependent and insulindependent diabetes
mellitus.
\Q\.what happens during the dawn phenomenon?
There is an increase in blood glucose, typically between
4:00 a.m. and 8:00 a.m., due to counter-regulatory hormones, including growth hormone,
cortisol, and glucagon.
\Q\.Dawn phenomenon happens at what time?
