Biology: Genetics, Biology~Genetics
Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+
Trait - Correct answer-Characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or
recessive.
P Generation - Correct answer-The parent organisms that are bred to make
offspring so that scientists can study inheritance; P stands for "parental."
Allele - Correct answer-Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce
distinguishable phenotypic effects. (For example, wrinkled seeds or smooth seeds
in a pea plant)
Dominant Allele - Correct answer-An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype
of a heterozygote (for example, the big T in Tt). Only need 1 copy of dominant
allele to show dominant trait.
Recessive Allele - Correct answer-An allele whose phenotype is not expressed in a
heterozygote (for example, the little r in Rr) - it is "masked" or hidden. Need 2
copies of recessive allele to show recessive trait (rr).
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Genotype - Correct answer-The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism.
(Ex: PP, Pp or pp)
Phenotype - Correct answer-The EXPRESSED/observable physical and
physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup.
Punnett Square - Correct answer-A diagram used in the study of inheritance to
show the predicted genotypic results of random fertilization in genetic crosses
between individuals of known genotype.
Homozygous - Correct answer-Having two identical alleles for a given gene.
Heterozygous - Correct answer-Having two different alleles for a given gene.
The Law of Independent Assortment - Correct answer-Mendel's second law, stating
that each pair of alleles segregates, or assorts, independently of each other pair
during gamete formation (production of sex cells like sperm or egg)
Dihybrid Cross - Correct answer-Cross or mating between organisms involving
two pairs of contrasting traits
Incomplete Dominance - Correct answer-A pattern of inheritance in which two
alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The
resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+
Trait - Correct answer-Characteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or
recessive.
P Generation - Correct answer-The parent organisms that are bred to make
offspring so that scientists can study inheritance; P stands for "parental."
Allele - Correct answer-Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce
distinguishable phenotypic effects. (For example, wrinkled seeds or smooth seeds
in a pea plant)
Dominant Allele - Correct answer-An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype
of a heterozygote (for example, the big T in Tt). Only need 1 copy of dominant
allele to show dominant trait.
Recessive Allele - Correct answer-An allele whose phenotype is not expressed in a
heterozygote (for example, the little r in Rr) - it is "masked" or hidden. Need 2
copies of recessive allele to show recessive trait (rr).
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Genotype - Correct answer-The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism.
(Ex: PP, Pp or pp)
Phenotype - Correct answer-The EXPRESSED/observable physical and
physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup.
Punnett Square - Correct answer-A diagram used in the study of inheritance to
show the predicted genotypic results of random fertilization in genetic crosses
between individuals of known genotype.
Homozygous - Correct answer-Having two identical alleles for a given gene.
Heterozygous - Correct answer-Having two different alleles for a given gene.
The Law of Independent Assortment - Correct answer-Mendel's second law, stating
that each pair of alleles segregates, or assorts, independently of each other pair
during gamete formation (production of sex cells like sperm or egg)
Dihybrid Cross - Correct answer-Cross or mating between organisms involving
two pairs of contrasting traits
Incomplete Dominance - Correct answer-A pattern of inheritance in which two
alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The
resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
