RRT CLINICAL SIMULATION EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
Emphysema - ANS Weakening and permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the
terminal bronchioles
Etiology of Emphysema - ANS Cigarette smoking >80% of all cases
Genetic predisposition
Occupational exposure
Atmospheric pollutants
Primary Assessment of Emphysema - ANS Past medical history
Shortness of breath
Cough
Appearance of the chest
Respiratory Pattern
Color
Appearance of the nail beds
Diagnostic chest percussion
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Breath sounds
Secondary Assessment of Emphysema - ANS CXR
Arterial Blood Gas
Pulmonary Function
CBC
Sputum
Appearance of CXR in patient with Emphysema - ANS Hyperlucent lung fields
Depressed or flattened diaphragm
Narrow heart
Increased retro sternal air space (lateral film)
Arterial Blood Gas findings in patient with Emphysema - ANS Mild to moderate Emphysema
Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia
Severe Emphysema
Chronic ventilatory failure with hypoxemia
Pulmonary Function Findings in patient with Emphysema - ANS Decreased flow rates and
Decreased DLco
CBC findings in a patient with Emphysema - ANS Increased RBC, Hb, HCT
Sputum findings in a patient with Emphysema - ANS May indicate bacterial infection
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Treatment/Management of Emphysema - ANS Low Flow (FiO2) oxygen therapy 1-2 L/min
(.24-.28)
Antibiotics as indicated by sputum culture
Pulmonary Rehab and Home Care
Aerosolized medications
Consider NPPV for acute exacerbation of ventilatory failure
Annual Flu injection
Smoking cessation
Pulmonary Hygiene
Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Daily productive cough for at least 3 consecutive month each year
for 2 years in a row
Etiology of Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Cigarette smoking
Pollution
Infection
GERD
Primary Assessment of Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Past medical history
Shortness of Breath
Cough
Appearance of the Chest
Respiratory Pattern
Color
Appearance of Nail beds
Diagnostic Chest Percussion
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Breath Sounds
Secondary Assessment of Chronic Bronchitis - ANS CXR
Arterial Blood Gas
Pulmonary Function
CBC
Sputum Electrolytes
CXR findings in a patient with Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Hyper lucent lung fields
Depressed or flattened diaphragm
Enlarged or elongated heart
Arterial Blood gas in a patient with mild to moderate Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Acute alveolar
hyperventilation with hypoxemia
ABG in a patient with severe Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Chronic ventilatory failure with
hypoxemia
Pulmonary Function test in a patient with Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Decreased flow rates
CBC in a patient with Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Increased Hb and HCT
Sputum findings in a patient with Chronic Bronchitis - ANS May indicate infection
Electrolyte findings in a patient with Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Increased HCO3 (chronic
ventilatory failure)
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
Emphysema - ANS Weakening and permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the
terminal bronchioles
Etiology of Emphysema - ANS Cigarette smoking >80% of all cases
Genetic predisposition
Occupational exposure
Atmospheric pollutants
Primary Assessment of Emphysema - ANS Past medical history
Shortness of breath
Cough
Appearance of the chest
Respiratory Pattern
Color
Appearance of the nail beds
Diagnostic chest percussion
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Breath sounds
Secondary Assessment of Emphysema - ANS CXR
Arterial Blood Gas
Pulmonary Function
CBC
Sputum
Appearance of CXR in patient with Emphysema - ANS Hyperlucent lung fields
Depressed or flattened diaphragm
Narrow heart
Increased retro sternal air space (lateral film)
Arterial Blood Gas findings in patient with Emphysema - ANS Mild to moderate Emphysema
Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia
Severe Emphysema
Chronic ventilatory failure with hypoxemia
Pulmonary Function Findings in patient with Emphysema - ANS Decreased flow rates and
Decreased DLco
CBC findings in a patient with Emphysema - ANS Increased RBC, Hb, HCT
Sputum findings in a patient with Emphysema - ANS May indicate bacterial infection
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Treatment/Management of Emphysema - ANS Low Flow (FiO2) oxygen therapy 1-2 L/min
(.24-.28)
Antibiotics as indicated by sputum culture
Pulmonary Rehab and Home Care
Aerosolized medications
Consider NPPV for acute exacerbation of ventilatory failure
Annual Flu injection
Smoking cessation
Pulmonary Hygiene
Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Daily productive cough for at least 3 consecutive month each year
for 2 years in a row
Etiology of Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Cigarette smoking
Pollution
Infection
GERD
Primary Assessment of Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Past medical history
Shortness of Breath
Cough
Appearance of the Chest
Respiratory Pattern
Color
Appearance of Nail beds
Diagnostic Chest Percussion
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Breath Sounds
Secondary Assessment of Chronic Bronchitis - ANS CXR
Arterial Blood Gas
Pulmonary Function
CBC
Sputum Electrolytes
CXR findings in a patient with Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Hyper lucent lung fields
Depressed or flattened diaphragm
Enlarged or elongated heart
Arterial Blood gas in a patient with mild to moderate Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Acute alveolar
hyperventilation with hypoxemia
ABG in a patient with severe Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Chronic ventilatory failure with
hypoxemia
Pulmonary Function test in a patient with Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Decreased flow rates
CBC in a patient with Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Increased Hb and HCT
Sputum findings in a patient with Chronic Bronchitis - ANS May indicate infection
Electrolyte findings in a patient with Chronic Bronchitis - ANS Increased HCO3 (chronic
ventilatory failure)
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
