1
GEOGRAPHY
Grade 12
TERM 1_2026
LIMPOPO T1_2024 Test; LIMPOPO Subject Test: No.3_07 Feb2024;
SEKHUKHUNE SOUTH DISTRICT Subject Test No.1_2024. GEO Self-study
guided 2020. @IMPAQ T1_2025
This document has been compiled to systematically prepare Grade 12 Geography
learners for Test 1 (Term 1). The content focuses on the core sections of Climate and
Weather, Geomorphology, as well as Mapping and GIS (Integrated Application), as
required by the CAPS curriculum.
This document serves as a study guide that:
• important concepts explained,
• include exam-style questions, and
• show how theoretical content is applied in papers.
For more details @Juffrou_Ansie products, Contact:
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
CONTENTS
Climate and Weather ................................................................................................... 3
Mid-latitude cyclones (frontal depressions / extra-tropical cyclones) ............................ 3
Occlusions (cold and hot preocclusions) ................................................................. 7
Subtropical anticyclones and associated weather conditions ....................................... 9
Subtropical Anticyclone ......................................................................................... 9
Influence of anticyclones on SA weather ................................................................ 10
Temperature inversion over South Africa ................................................................ 11
LINE THUNDERSTORM ......................................................................................... 14
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
MOUNTAIN WIND................................................................................................. 18
Tropical Cyclone ...................................................................................................... 21
Valley Climates ....................................................................................................... 24
URBAN CLIMATE...................................................................................................... 27
GEOMORPHOLOGY .................................................................................................... 31
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN SA ....................................................................................... 31
TRIPLE CARTRIDGE .............................................................................................. 33
Fluvial valleys .......................................................................................................... 37
MAP WORK & GIS (INTEGRATED APPLICATION) ............................................................. 38
Multiple choice questions
The season represented on the synoptic weather map is
winter.
The isobaric interval of the isobaric on the synoptic
weather map is 4hPa.
The air pressure reading at A is 1016hPa. The dew point
temperature indicated at weather station B is 10C.
The weather stations around the inner high pressure show
clear skies due to descending air, and the
counterclockwise circulation results in north-westerly
winds.
Line CC represents a Ridge. The high pressure at D will
cause weather system E to move in a northeasterly
South- direction
The weather conditions at weather station F:
Africa
• Cloud cover is 4/8
• South-westerly wind
Mid-latitude A large low-pressure weather system consisting of hot and
cyclone cold fronts; also called an extra-tropical cyclone,
temperate depression or frontal
depression.
Occluded A front formed when a cold front catches up with and
front replaces a warm air mass.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
Occlusion The decay stage in the development of a mid-latitude
cyclone, overtakes the front warm front, lifts the warm air
off the ground and meets the cold air in front of the warm
front.
Veering wind The shifting of wind in a clockwise direction over time at a
specific location, for example, from a southerly to
southeastern direction.
Warm front occlusion An occlusion where the cold air passing by is warmer than
the cold air in front of him.
Urban heat island The temperature over the city is warmer than the
surrounding rural area
Rectangular drainage pattern. Rectangular pattern (cracks
& seams in igneous rocks)
Parallel dreary pattern. Parallel pattern (steep slope /
uniform gradient)
Climate and Weather
Mid-latitude cyclones (frontal depressions / extra-tropical cyclones)
AREAS OF DEVELOPMENT
• Located in the middle or temperate latitudes
• Between latitudes 30° - 60° north and south of the equator.
• Forms at the polar front where warm westerly and cold polar estates meet
OTHER NAMES
• Mediocre salary
• Extratropical cyclone
• Moderate Cyclone
• Frontal depression
CONDITIONS NEEDED FOR DEVELOPMENT
• Cold polar air masses from cold polar easterly parts and warm tropical air from warm
westerly winds meet.
• Causes an imbalance in energy distribution due to difference in temperature.
• Differences in wind patterns (direction) contribute to resulting formation.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
MORE PROMINENT IN WINTER ACROSS SOUTH AFRICA
The northward migration of the ITCZ and with it the migration of the high-pressure cells, results in
the low-pressure systems moving across the southern part of South Africa.
__________________________________________________________
STADIUMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF A MID-LATITUDE CYCLONE
________________________________________________________________
Study the below based on the stages in the development of a mid-latitude cyclone. SEKHUKHUNE
SUID-DISTRIK Subject test No.1_2024
@Juffrou_Ansie
GEOGRAPHY
Grade 12
TERM 1_2026
LIMPOPO T1_2024 Test; LIMPOPO Subject Test: No.3_07 Feb2024;
SEKHUKHUNE SOUTH DISTRICT Subject Test No.1_2024. GEO Self-study
guided 2020. @IMPAQ T1_2025
This document has been compiled to systematically prepare Grade 12 Geography
learners for Test 1 (Term 1). The content focuses on the core sections of Climate and
Weather, Geomorphology, as well as Mapping and GIS (Integrated Application), as
required by the CAPS curriculum.
This document serves as a study guide that:
• important concepts explained,
• include exam-style questions, and
• show how theoretical content is applied in papers.
For more details @Juffrou_Ansie products, Contact:
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
CONTENTS
Climate and Weather ................................................................................................... 3
Mid-latitude cyclones (frontal depressions / extra-tropical cyclones) ............................ 3
Occlusions (cold and hot preocclusions) ................................................................. 7
Subtropical anticyclones and associated weather conditions ....................................... 9
Subtropical Anticyclone ......................................................................................... 9
Influence of anticyclones on SA weather ................................................................ 10
Temperature inversion over South Africa ................................................................ 11
LINE THUNDERSTORM ......................................................................................... 14
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
MOUNTAIN WIND................................................................................................. 18
Tropical Cyclone ...................................................................................................... 21
Valley Climates ....................................................................................................... 24
URBAN CLIMATE...................................................................................................... 27
GEOMORPHOLOGY .................................................................................................... 31
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN SA ....................................................................................... 31
TRIPLE CARTRIDGE .............................................................................................. 33
Fluvial valleys .......................................................................................................... 37
MAP WORK & GIS (INTEGRATED APPLICATION) ............................................................. 38
Multiple choice questions
The season represented on the synoptic weather map is
winter.
The isobaric interval of the isobaric on the synoptic
weather map is 4hPa.
The air pressure reading at A is 1016hPa. The dew point
temperature indicated at weather station B is 10C.
The weather stations around the inner high pressure show
clear skies due to descending air, and the
counterclockwise circulation results in north-westerly
winds.
Line CC represents a Ridge. The high pressure at D will
cause weather system E to move in a northeasterly
South- direction
The weather conditions at weather station F:
Africa
• Cloud cover is 4/8
• South-westerly wind
Mid-latitude A large low-pressure weather system consisting of hot and
cyclone cold fronts; also called an extra-tropical cyclone,
temperate depression or frontal
depression.
Occluded A front formed when a cold front catches up with and
front replaces a warm air mass.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
Occlusion The decay stage in the development of a mid-latitude
cyclone, overtakes the front warm front, lifts the warm air
off the ground and meets the cold air in front of the warm
front.
Veering wind The shifting of wind in a clockwise direction over time at a
specific location, for example, from a southerly to
southeastern direction.
Warm front occlusion An occlusion where the cold air passing by is warmer than
the cold air in front of him.
Urban heat island The temperature over the city is warmer than the
surrounding rural area
Rectangular drainage pattern. Rectangular pattern (cracks
& seams in igneous rocks)
Parallel dreary pattern. Parallel pattern (steep slope /
uniform gradient)
Climate and Weather
Mid-latitude cyclones (frontal depressions / extra-tropical cyclones)
AREAS OF DEVELOPMENT
• Located in the middle or temperate latitudes
• Between latitudes 30° - 60° north and south of the equator.
• Forms at the polar front where warm westerly and cold polar estates meet
OTHER NAMES
• Mediocre salary
• Extratropical cyclone
• Moderate Cyclone
• Frontal depression
CONDITIONS NEEDED FOR DEVELOPMENT
• Cold polar air masses from cold polar easterly parts and warm tropical air from warm
westerly winds meet.
• Causes an imbalance in energy distribution due to difference in temperature.
• Differences in wind patterns (direction) contribute to resulting formation.
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
MORE PROMINENT IN WINTER ACROSS SOUTH AFRICA
The northward migration of the ITCZ and with it the migration of the high-pressure cells, results in
the low-pressure systems moving across the southern part of South Africa.
__________________________________________________________
STADIUMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF A MID-LATITUDE CYCLONE
________________________________________________________________
Study the below based on the stages in the development of a mid-latitude cyclone. SEKHUKHUNE
SUID-DISTRIK Subject test No.1_2024
@Juffrou_Ansie
