NU664A FINAL EXAM COMPREHENSIVE TEST
PAPER 2026 SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
◉ Tertiary prevention. Answer: concerned with reducing the impact
of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects; e.g. cardiac or
stroke rehab programs, support groups
◉ Levels of prevention. Answer: primary, secondary, tertiary - this is
important for public patient education/screening/epidemiological
measures, and promoting health.
◉ Neuroanatomy. Answer: neurotransmitters, brain plasticity,
epigenetics, major areas of the brain such as the amygdala,
prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus
◉ Dopamine. Answer: responsible for drive, motivation, and reward,
inhibition of prolactin, controls motor (imbalance causes
Parkinson's, extapyramidal symptoms)
◉ Serotonin. Answer: satisfaction, sociality, lowers anxiety and
impulsivity, decreases sex drive, 90% serotonin in GI tract
-Too much- bleeding, GI motility, nausea
- Zofran blocks serotonin
,◉ Norepinephrine. Answer: concentration, attention, vigilance,
energy, tachycardia, HTN, glucose to essential organs
-Fear increases NE to brain, epinephrine to blood
-Fight or flight
◉ Glutamate. Answer: being "on", excitatory (think gluta-MATE
mating)
◉ GABA. Answer: being "off", inhibitory, relaxation, euphoria,
decreases muscle activity, slows breathing, decreases anxiety and
seizures (think gabapentin)
◉ Acetylcholine. Answer: bradycardia, GI motility, salivation,
lacrimation, urination, sexual arousal, muscle contraction
- In the hippocampus- learning, memory, awakeness, attention
◉ Histamine. Answer: Hayfever
Itching
Sleeping
Think Benedryl helps with theses (ANTIhistamine)
◉ Limbic System. Answer: · emotion
• Amygdala
, · Almond shape
· Found in temporal lobe
· Part of limbic system
· Processes fearful/anxious emotions and positive stimuli
·Emotional memories
◉ Prefrontal cortex. Answer: Decision making
Planning
Personality
Will to live
Expression
Social behavior
◉ Hippocampus. Answer: Memory
Involved in depression and Alzheimer's
◉ Hypothalmus. Answer: Controls hormone release via anterior
pituitary
Can exert influence over bodily states to maintain homeostasis
Controls pituitary gland and various hormones (including prolactin)
PAPER 2026 SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
◉ Tertiary prevention. Answer: concerned with reducing the impact
of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects; e.g. cardiac or
stroke rehab programs, support groups
◉ Levels of prevention. Answer: primary, secondary, tertiary - this is
important for public patient education/screening/epidemiological
measures, and promoting health.
◉ Neuroanatomy. Answer: neurotransmitters, brain plasticity,
epigenetics, major areas of the brain such as the amygdala,
prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus
◉ Dopamine. Answer: responsible for drive, motivation, and reward,
inhibition of prolactin, controls motor (imbalance causes
Parkinson's, extapyramidal symptoms)
◉ Serotonin. Answer: satisfaction, sociality, lowers anxiety and
impulsivity, decreases sex drive, 90% serotonin in GI tract
-Too much- bleeding, GI motility, nausea
- Zofran blocks serotonin
,◉ Norepinephrine. Answer: concentration, attention, vigilance,
energy, tachycardia, HTN, glucose to essential organs
-Fear increases NE to brain, epinephrine to blood
-Fight or flight
◉ Glutamate. Answer: being "on", excitatory (think gluta-MATE
mating)
◉ GABA. Answer: being "off", inhibitory, relaxation, euphoria,
decreases muscle activity, slows breathing, decreases anxiety and
seizures (think gabapentin)
◉ Acetylcholine. Answer: bradycardia, GI motility, salivation,
lacrimation, urination, sexual arousal, muscle contraction
- In the hippocampus- learning, memory, awakeness, attention
◉ Histamine. Answer: Hayfever
Itching
Sleeping
Think Benedryl helps with theses (ANTIhistamine)
◉ Limbic System. Answer: · emotion
• Amygdala
, · Almond shape
· Found in temporal lobe
· Part of limbic system
· Processes fearful/anxious emotions and positive stimuli
·Emotional memories
◉ Prefrontal cortex. Answer: Decision making
Planning
Personality
Will to live
Expression
Social behavior
◉ Hippocampus. Answer: Memory
Involved in depression and Alzheimer's
◉ Hypothalmus. Answer: Controls hormone release via anterior
pituitary
Can exert influence over bodily states to maintain homeostasis
Controls pituitary gland and various hormones (including prolactin)
