PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 14 STUDY
GUIDE 7TH EDITION EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2026 GRADED
A+
⩥ Prokaryotic cell. Answer: Cell with a single circular chromosome and
free-floating nuclear material.
⩥ Organelles. Answer: Membrane-bounded cellular components in
eukaryotic cells.
⩥ Respiration. Answer: Cellular function of absorbing oxygen and using
it to transform nutrients to energy.
⩥ Nucleolus. Answer: Region of the cell containing genetic material,
ribonucleic acid, and DNA-binding proteins.
⩥ Integral membrane proteins. Answer: Proteins that float freely in the
fluid lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
⩥ Ligands. Answer: Specific molecules that can bind with receptors on
the cell membrane.
, ⩥ Fibronectin. Answer: Protein associated with cancerous cells,
allowing metastasis.
⩥ Cell junction. Answer: Structure that holds cells together and permits
molecules to pass from cell to cell.
⩥ Paracrine signaling. Answer: Release of local chemical mediators that
are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized.
⩥ Substrate. Answer: Specific substance converted to a product of the
reaction by an enzyme.
⩥ ATP. Answer: Energy source for muscle contraction.
⩥ Citric acid cycle. Answer: Process that produces the most ATP during
cellular catabolism.
⩥ Diffusion. Answer: Movement of solute molecules from an area of
greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
⩥ Electrolytes. Answer: Electrically charged molecules.
⩥ Osmolality. Answer: Measure of the concentration of molecules per
weight of water.
GUIDE 7TH EDITION EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2026 GRADED
A+
⩥ Prokaryotic cell. Answer: Cell with a single circular chromosome and
free-floating nuclear material.
⩥ Organelles. Answer: Membrane-bounded cellular components in
eukaryotic cells.
⩥ Respiration. Answer: Cellular function of absorbing oxygen and using
it to transform nutrients to energy.
⩥ Nucleolus. Answer: Region of the cell containing genetic material,
ribonucleic acid, and DNA-binding proteins.
⩥ Integral membrane proteins. Answer: Proteins that float freely in the
fluid lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
⩥ Ligands. Answer: Specific molecules that can bind with receptors on
the cell membrane.
, ⩥ Fibronectin. Answer: Protein associated with cancerous cells,
allowing metastasis.
⩥ Cell junction. Answer: Structure that holds cells together and permits
molecules to pass from cell to cell.
⩥ Paracrine signaling. Answer: Release of local chemical mediators that
are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized.
⩥ Substrate. Answer: Specific substance converted to a product of the
reaction by an enzyme.
⩥ ATP. Answer: Energy source for muscle contraction.
⩥ Citric acid cycle. Answer: Process that produces the most ATP during
cellular catabolism.
⩥ Diffusion. Answer: Movement of solute molecules from an area of
greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
⩥ Electrolytes. Answer: Electrically charged molecules.
⩥ Osmolality. Answer: Measure of the concentration of molecules per
weight of water.
