APHON EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

APHON EXAM WITH QUESTINS AND CORRECT ANSWERS What is partial response? (a solid tumor objective response) - ANSWER -a reduction in the tumor burden without the development of new tumor What is stable disease? (a solid tumor objective response) - ANSWER no significant change in primary or metastatic tumor size What is progressive disease? ( a solid tumor objective response) - ANSWER -an increase in the size of the existing tumor or the appearance of a new disease What is relapse or recurrent disease? (a solid tumor objective response) - ANSWER -tumor growth after a complete response or new tumor growth after a partial response What is the Nuremberg Code? - ANSWER -the first document written to address ethics associated with human subject participation in scientific studies What is the Helsinki Declaration? - ANSWER -developed an adopted by the world medical association What is the Belmont Report's 3 key principles? - ANSWER -respect for persons, beneficence, justice What are some key aspects of the common rule? - ANSWER -legal definition of a human subject, protects vulnerable populations like children, defines functions and responsibilities of IRB's, establishes the required content of consent forms What does the phase 1 of the clinical trail determine? - ANSWER -the maximum tolerated dose Which is the only phase of a clinical trail that has the intent to cure? - ANSWER -phase 3 Which phase starts with low doses with small amounts of people? - ANSWER -phase 1 Why do we use multiple chemotherapy agents? - ANSWER -to overcome drug resistance and give a broader range of coverage against naturally resistant tumor cells In the TNM staging system, what does the T stand for? - ANSWER primary Tumor size In the TNM staging system, what does the N stand for? - ANSWER presence or absence of lymph Node involvement In the TNM staging system, what does the M stand for? - ANSWER presence or absence of distant Metastases What is pharmacodynamics? - ANSWER -the effect of the medication on the body What is pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER -How the body affects the medication What is pharmacogenetics? - ANSWER -How their genetic makeup affects the response In pharmacogenetics, what are genetic variations (a possible reason to why ppl respond to medications differently) also called? - ANSWER polymorphisms What is the purpose of evaluating a pts response to therapy? - ANSWER -to determine the best treatment options for the pt How is the response to treatment measured? - ANSWER -objective and subjective data What is intrinsic resistance? - ANSWER -when it's in the tumor cell; tumor characteristics prevent the agent from working What is acquired resistance? - ANSWER -occurs from repeated exposure to agent over time What is complete response? (a solid tumor objective response) - ANSWER -the absence of all signs and symptoms of tumor using measurement criteria The dosing of intrathecal and intra-ommaya agents is based on what? - ANSWER -age What is the first thing you do when you see a reaction? - ANSWER stop the medication What is the best way to protect from chemo exposure? - ANSWER PPE What is the PPE you need to go into a chemo room? - ANSWER -2 chemo gloves chemo gown mask goggles What characteristics does a chemo bin need to have? - ANSWER puncture proof, secure lid, labeled as hazardous How long do you still wear PPE after last med given? - ANSWER -48 hours How does cancer start? - ANSWER -with one cell; one genetic mutation How are cyclins activated? - ANSWER -When they are bound with a CDK enzyme What do cyclins do? - ANSWER -stimulate the cell to go to the next phase What do CDK inhibitors do? - ANSWER -prevent damaged cells from