CARDIOVASCULAR BARRON'S CCRN EXAM
PREP STUDY GUIDE 2026 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER
TEST BANK WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
UPDATED VERSION
◉what is S3 associated with? Answer: Heart failure, Pulmonary
hypertension, cor pulmonale, and mitral/aortic/tricuspid insufficiency
◉what is S3? Answer: rapid rush of blood into a dilated ventricle,
mitral valve
◉what is S4? Answer: atrial constriction of blood into a non-compliant
ventricle
◉Where and when does S4 occur? Answer: Best heard over the apex
with the bell right before S1
◉what is s4 associated with? Answer: myocardial ischemia, infarction,
hypertension, ventricular hypertrophy, aortic stenosis
,◉Pericardial friction rub is associated with what? Answer: Pain during
deep inspiration and positional pain
◉Pulse pressure equation Answer: systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure
◉normal pulse pressure values Answer: 40-60
◉systolic BP represents what? Answer: Cardiac output and stroke
volume
◉what does a decrease in systolic pressure mean if diastolic doesn't
change? Answer: This = narrowing pulse pressure. Seen often with
severe hypovolemia or a severe drop in Cardiac output.
◉diastolic BP represents what? Answer: Systemic vascular resistance
(SVR)
◉what does a decrease in diastolic BP mean? Answer: this = widening
pulse pressure. May indicate vasodilation, severe sepsis, septic shock.
◉time ratio for systolic vs. diastolic Answer: 1.0/1.33
◉what is perfused during diastole? Answer: Coronary arteries
,◉causes of valvular heart disease Answer: - coronary heart disease
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- Degeneration
- Bicuspid aortic valve
- Rheumatic fever
- Infection
- Connective tissue diseases
◉murmurs of insufficiency are? Answer: regurgitation when the valve
is close
◉murmurs of stenosis are? Answer: regurgitation when the valve is
open
◉are these murmurs acute or chronic? Answer: Stenosis = chronic
Insufficiency = acute or chronic
◉systolic murmurs sound like what? Answer: lub...shhhhh...dub
◉what are the valves doing during a systolic murmur? Answer: aortic
and pulmonic valve stenosis (they are open)
Mitral and tricuspid insufficiency (they are closed)
, ◉how does a mitral valve insufficiency show up on a pulmonary artery
catheter? Answer: giant v waves
◉what other defect can cause systolic murmurs? Answer: ventricular
septal defect (heard on the left sternal border)
◉what do diastolic murmurs sound like? Answer: lub...dub...shhhhh
◉what are the valves doing during diastolic murmurs? Answer:
aortic/pulmonic insufficiency (closed)
Mitral/Tricuspid stenosis (open)
◉mitral valve stenosis is particularly associated with what? Answer:
atrial fibrillation due to atrial enlargement
◉grades of acute MI Answer: grade 1/2 -- papillary muscle dysfunction
grade 5/6 -- papillary muscle rupture (emergency)
◉unstable angina = Answer: chest pain at rest, unpredictable
◉relievers for Unstable angina? what do labs look like? ECG? Answer:
Nitroglycerin. Troponin negative. ST depression or T wave inversion.
PREP STUDY GUIDE 2026 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER
TEST BANK WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
UPDATED VERSION
◉what is S3 associated with? Answer: Heart failure, Pulmonary
hypertension, cor pulmonale, and mitral/aortic/tricuspid insufficiency
◉what is S3? Answer: rapid rush of blood into a dilated ventricle,
mitral valve
◉what is S4? Answer: atrial constriction of blood into a non-compliant
ventricle
◉Where and when does S4 occur? Answer: Best heard over the apex
with the bell right before S1
◉what is s4 associated with? Answer: myocardial ischemia, infarction,
hypertension, ventricular hypertrophy, aortic stenosis
,◉Pericardial friction rub is associated with what? Answer: Pain during
deep inspiration and positional pain
◉Pulse pressure equation Answer: systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure
◉normal pulse pressure values Answer: 40-60
◉systolic BP represents what? Answer: Cardiac output and stroke
volume
◉what does a decrease in systolic pressure mean if diastolic doesn't
change? Answer: This = narrowing pulse pressure. Seen often with
severe hypovolemia or a severe drop in Cardiac output.
◉diastolic BP represents what? Answer: Systemic vascular resistance
(SVR)
◉what does a decrease in diastolic BP mean? Answer: this = widening
pulse pressure. May indicate vasodilation, severe sepsis, septic shock.
◉time ratio for systolic vs. diastolic Answer: 1.0/1.33
◉what is perfused during diastole? Answer: Coronary arteries
,◉causes of valvular heart disease Answer: - coronary heart disease
- dilated cardiomyopathy
- Degeneration
- Bicuspid aortic valve
- Rheumatic fever
- Infection
- Connective tissue diseases
◉murmurs of insufficiency are? Answer: regurgitation when the valve
is close
◉murmurs of stenosis are? Answer: regurgitation when the valve is
open
◉are these murmurs acute or chronic? Answer: Stenosis = chronic
Insufficiency = acute or chronic
◉systolic murmurs sound like what? Answer: lub...shhhhh...dub
◉what are the valves doing during a systolic murmur? Answer: aortic
and pulmonic valve stenosis (they are open)
Mitral and tricuspid insufficiency (they are closed)
, ◉how does a mitral valve insufficiency show up on a pulmonary artery
catheter? Answer: giant v waves
◉what other defect can cause systolic murmurs? Answer: ventricular
septal defect (heard on the left sternal border)
◉what do diastolic murmurs sound like? Answer: lub...dub...shhhhh
◉what are the valves doing during diastolic murmurs? Answer:
aortic/pulmonic insufficiency (closed)
Mitral/Tricuspid stenosis (open)
◉mitral valve stenosis is particularly associated with what? Answer:
atrial fibrillation due to atrial enlargement
◉grades of acute MI Answer: grade 1/2 -- papillary muscle dysfunction
grade 5/6 -- papillary muscle rupture (emergency)
◉unstable angina = Answer: chest pain at rest, unpredictable
◉relievers for Unstable angina? what do labs look like? ECG? Answer:
Nitroglycerin. Troponin negative. ST depression or T wave inversion.
