ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EDAPT
OBSTRUCTIVE AND RESTRICTIVE LUNG
DISEASES
The nurse practitioner (NP) is seeing a client with chronic bronchitis that needs spirometry on today's
visit. What pulmonary function test (PFT) findings are anticipated based on the diagnosis of chronic
bronchitis? - ANS-2. Decreased forced expiratory flow (FEV1)
The nurse practitioner (NP) is seeing a client with chronic bronchitis that needs spirometry on today's
visit. What pulmonary function test (PFT) findings are anticipated based on the diagnosis of chronic
bronchitis?
pH - 7.56
PaCO2 - 30 mmHg
HCO3 - 24 mEq/L
PO2 - 82 mmHg
O2 saturation - 87% - ANS-Respiratory Alkalosis
Lung diseases that have (...) are characterized as restrictive, whereas diseases with (...) are characterized
as obstructive
Increased lung volume, increased lung capacity, reduced lung volume
Increased airflow, reduced airflow, normal airflow - ANS-Reduced lung volume
Reduced airflow
Risk Factors of Lung Disease - ANS-- Age
- Individual Factors
, - Acute or Chronic Disease
Age - ANS-- Infants and young children have less alveolar surface area for gas exchange; therefore,
airways can be easily obstructed by mucus, edema, or foreign objects.
- Older adults have anatomical and physiological changes expected with advanced age.
- Loss of elastic recoil of the chest and decreased lung volume capacity (tidal volume)
- Weaker respiratory muscles, reducing the effort to cough (risk for aspiration)
- Dilation of alveoli, decreased surface area
Individual Factors - ANS-- Nonmodifiable: Age, congenital abnormalities, or environmental concerns (air
pollution, for example)
- Modifiable: Tobacco use (inhaled smoke) or second-hand exposure to air pollutants; vaccinations to
prevent pulmonary disease (COVID, influenza, pneumococcal, Tdap)
- Other: Clients with altered levels of consciousness, neurological disorders, tracheal intubation, bed
rest, or immobilization
Acute or Chronic Disease - ANS-- Accumulation of mucus and fluid accumulation in airways (cystic
fibrosis, pulmonary edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD])
- Diseases that reduce oxygen-carrying capacity (e.g., anemia)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., allergies) can exacerbate obstructive or reactive lung disease
Which clients are at high risk for obstructive and restrictive lung disease? Select all that apply.
- A 54-year-old client with a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia
- A 34-year-old client with chronic urinary tract infections
- A 74-year-old client who is immobile living in an assisted living facility
- An 11-year-old child living with a parent who smokes cigarettes
- A 45-year-old client with an acute exacerbation of asthma - ANS-- A 54-year-old client with a diagnosis
of iron deficiency anemia
- A 74-year-old client who is immobile living in an assisted living facility
- An 11-year-old child living with a parent who smokes cigarettes
OBSTRUCTIVE AND RESTRICTIVE LUNG
DISEASES
The nurse practitioner (NP) is seeing a client with chronic bronchitis that needs spirometry on today's
visit. What pulmonary function test (PFT) findings are anticipated based on the diagnosis of chronic
bronchitis? - ANS-2. Decreased forced expiratory flow (FEV1)
The nurse practitioner (NP) is seeing a client with chronic bronchitis that needs spirometry on today's
visit. What pulmonary function test (PFT) findings are anticipated based on the diagnosis of chronic
bronchitis?
pH - 7.56
PaCO2 - 30 mmHg
HCO3 - 24 mEq/L
PO2 - 82 mmHg
O2 saturation - 87% - ANS-Respiratory Alkalosis
Lung diseases that have (...) are characterized as restrictive, whereas diseases with (...) are characterized
as obstructive
Increased lung volume, increased lung capacity, reduced lung volume
Increased airflow, reduced airflow, normal airflow - ANS-Reduced lung volume
Reduced airflow
Risk Factors of Lung Disease - ANS-- Age
- Individual Factors
, - Acute or Chronic Disease
Age - ANS-- Infants and young children have less alveolar surface area for gas exchange; therefore,
airways can be easily obstructed by mucus, edema, or foreign objects.
- Older adults have anatomical and physiological changes expected with advanced age.
- Loss of elastic recoil of the chest and decreased lung volume capacity (tidal volume)
- Weaker respiratory muscles, reducing the effort to cough (risk for aspiration)
- Dilation of alveoli, decreased surface area
Individual Factors - ANS-- Nonmodifiable: Age, congenital abnormalities, or environmental concerns (air
pollution, for example)
- Modifiable: Tobacco use (inhaled smoke) or second-hand exposure to air pollutants; vaccinations to
prevent pulmonary disease (COVID, influenza, pneumococcal, Tdap)
- Other: Clients with altered levels of consciousness, neurological disorders, tracheal intubation, bed
rest, or immobilization
Acute or Chronic Disease - ANS-- Accumulation of mucus and fluid accumulation in airways (cystic
fibrosis, pulmonary edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD])
- Diseases that reduce oxygen-carrying capacity (e.g., anemia)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., allergies) can exacerbate obstructive or reactive lung disease
Which clients are at high risk for obstructive and restrictive lung disease? Select all that apply.
- A 54-year-old client with a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia
- A 34-year-old client with chronic urinary tract infections
- A 74-year-old client who is immobile living in an assisted living facility
- An 11-year-old child living with a parent who smokes cigarettes
- A 45-year-old client with an acute exacerbation of asthma - ANS-- A 54-year-old client with a diagnosis
of iron deficiency anemia
- A 74-year-old client who is immobile living in an assisted living facility
- An 11-year-old child living with a parent who smokes cigarettes
